אדם

Aramaic

Alternative forms

ܐܕܡ (ʾāḏām)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *ʔadam-

Aramaic אדם

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔadam-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔɑdɑm/

Proper noun

אדם • (adám)

(biblical) Adam.
a male given name

Descendants

Classical Mandaic: ࡀࡃࡀࡌ (adam /⁠ɔdam⁠/)
- Mandaic: ࡀࡃࡀࡌ (adam /⁠ɔdam⁠/)
Classical Syriac: ܐܳܕܳܡ, ܐܖܡ
- → Malayalam: ആദാം (ādāṁ), ആദം (ādaṁ) (Islam)

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
א־ד־ם (ʾ-d-m)
9 terms

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔadam-. Comparable to Phoenician 𐤀𐤃𐤌 (ʾdm, “man, earthling”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎄𐎎 (ảdm, “man; red earth, red ochre”), Old South Arabian 𐩱𐩵𐩣 (ʾdm, “vassals, subjects”), Ge'ez ዶም (dom, “slave”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒄠𒈬 (a-da-am-mu /⁠adamu⁠/, “blood”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈠𒌈 (a-da-ma-tum /⁠adamātu⁠/, “dark red earth or dye”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (a-da-mu /⁠adamu⁠/, “a red garment”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (a-da-mu /⁠adamu⁠/, “an important or noble person”).

Further discussion

The meaning range points to these words are extensions from Proto-Semitic *dam- (“blood”), compare the Palestinian Aramaic forms of it אדם / אידם / ܐܕܡ (ʾəḏem, “blood”).
The semantic development could be any of the following:

“blood” → “red earth”, “red ochre” → “earthling”;
“blood” → “man”, as blood is a main ingredient of humans;
“blood” → “red earth”, “red ochre” → “the dye to paint idols” → hence “an idol” → “an effigy, a likeness” → “a man”;
“blood” → “blood sacrifice to appease an idol” → hence “an idol” → “an effigy, a likeness” → “a man”;
“blood” → “red” → “to show red blood in the face, e.g. to blush” → “a human”.

Compare Arabic دُمْيَة (dumya, “statue, idol; effigy, likeness; doll, puppet”), دَمَّ (damma, “to bedaub”).

Pronunciation

(Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈdaːm/ → /ʔaːˈdaːm/
(Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔɔːˈðɔːm/ [ʔɔːˈðɔːm]
(Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔɔˈðɔm/ [ʔɔːˈðɔːm]
(Persian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ɒˈdɒm/
(Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)aˈdam/
(Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ɔˈdɔm/
(Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)aˈdam/
- Audio: (file)
- Rhymes: -am
Rhymes: -ɔm

Noun

אָדָם • (adám) m [pattern: קָטָל]

man, human
אָדָם לְאָדָם זְאֵב ― adám l'adám z'év ― Man is a wolf to man. (cf. homō hominī lupus)

Usage notes

For plural, בני אדם (b'né adám) or אנשים (anashím) can be used.

Synonyms

אִישׁ ('ish), בֶּן־אָדָם (ben-adám), בֶּן־אֱנוֹשׁ (ben-enósh), בֶּן־תְּמוּתָה

Derived terms

אָדָם לְאָדָם זְאֵב
בשלושה דברים אדם ניכר: בכוסו, בכיסו, ובכעסו (bishloshá d'varím adám nikár: b'khosó, b'khisó, uv'kha`asó)
זְכוּת אָדָם (z'khút-adám)
מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי אָדָם

Descendants

→ Ancient Greek: Ᾱ̓δᾱ́μ (Ādā́m) (see there for further descendants)
→ Arabic: آدَم (ʔādam) (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Bulgarian: Ада́м (Adám)
⇒ Catalan: Adam
⇒ Chinese: 亞當 / 亚当 (Yàdāng)
→ Czech: Adam
⇒ Danish: Adam
→ French: Adam
- → Vietnamese: A-đam
→ Ge'ez: አዳም (ʾädam)
→ Icelandic: Adam
→? Korean: 아담 (adam)
⇒? Latvian: Ādams
→ Macedonian: Адам (Adam)
⇒ Norwegian: Adam
⇒ Polish: Adam
⇒ Russian: Ада́м (Adám)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
- → Cyrillic script: А̀дам
- → Latin script: Àdam
→ Spanish: Adán (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Swedish: Adam

Proper noun

אָדָם • (adám) m

a male given name, equivalent to English Adam
(Abrahamism, religion) Adam (the first man and the progenitor of the human race)

Derived terms

בֶּן־אָדָם (ben-adám)

Coordinate terms

References

“dm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
H120 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Etymology 2

Root
א־ד־ם (ʾ-d-m)
9 terms

Adjective

אָדֹם • (adóm) (feminine אֲדֻמָּה, masculine plural אֲדֻמִּים, feminine plural אֲדֻמּוֹת)

defective spelling of אדום (adóm, “red”).

Noun

אֹדֶם • (ódem) m

defective spelling of אודם (ódem, “redness”).

Anagrams

מאד