קם

Aramaic

Verb

קָם • (qām)

1. to rise, to stand

Hebrew

Root
ק־ו־ם (q-w-m)
14 terms

Etymology

Common Semitic; see also Arabic قَامَ (qāma), Ge'ez ቆመ (ḳomä), Qatabanian [script needed] (*sqmt), [script needed] (*suqāmat, “planted”, literally “made to stand”), feminine passive causative adjective of [script needed] (*qāma, “to stand”). Possibly also related to שקמה (“sycamore tree”).

Pronunciation

• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /kam/
• (Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /qɔːm/
• Rhymes: -am
• Rhymes: -ɔm

Verb

קָם • (qɔm, kam) (pa'al construction)

1. to rise, stand up

   Synonym: הִתְעוֹרֵר (hiṯʕōrēr, hit'orér)

   • Tanach, Genesis 13:17, with translation of JTS:

     קוּם הִתְהַלֵּךְ בָּאָרֶץ לְאׇרְכָּהּ וּלְרׇחְבָּהּ

     qûm hit̲hallēk̲ bāʾāreṣ ləʾorkā wuləroḥbāh

     Up, walk about the land, through its length and its breadth, for I give it to you..

   • Tanach, Genesis 37:7, with translation of JTS:

     וְהִנֵּה קָמָה אֲלֻמָּתִי וְגַם נִצָּבָה

     Wəhinnē qāmā ʾălummāt̲î wəg̲am niṣṣāb̲ā

     when suddenly my sheaf stood up and remained upright

2. to become in charge [with עַל (ʕal, al)]
   • Tanach, Exodus 1:8, with translation of JTS:

     וַיָּקׇם מֶלֶךְ חָדָשׁ עַל מִצְרָיִם

     wayyāqom melek̲ ḥād̲āš ʿal miṣrāyim

     A new king arose over Egypt who did not know Joseph.

3. to remain valid
   • Tanach, Numbers 30:5, with translation of JTS:

     וְשָׁמַע אָבִיהָ אֶת נִדְרָהּ וֶאֱסָרָהּ אֲשֶׁר אָסְרָה עַל נַפְשָׁהּ וְהֶחֱרִישׁ לָהּ אָבִיהָ וְקָמוּ כָּל נְדָרֶיהָ וְכָל אִסָּר אֲשֶׁר אָסְרָה עַל נַפְשָׁהּ יָקוּם

     Wəšāmaʿ ʾāb̲îhā ʾet̲ nid̲rā weʾĕsārā ʾăšer ʾāsərā ʿal nap̲šā wəheḥĕrîš lāh ʾāb̲îhā wəqāmû kol nəd̲ārêhā wək̲ol ʾissār ʾăšer ʾāsərā ʿal nap̲šā yāqûm

     and her father learns of her vow or her self-imposed obligation and offers no objection, all her vows shall stand and every self-imposed obligation shall stand.

4. to attack, initiate an attack [with עַל (ʕal, al)]
   • Tanach, Deuteronomy 22:26, with translation of JTS:

     יָקוּם אִישׁ עַל רֵעֵהוּ וּרְצָחוֹ נֶפֶשׁ

     Yāqûm ʾîš ʿal rēʿēhû wurəṣāḥô nep̲eš

     one party attacking and murdering another

5. to testify as a witness, to accuse [with בְּ־ (b-)]
   • Tanach, Deuteronomy 19:15, with translation of JTS:

     לֹא יָקוּם עֵד אֶחָד בְּאִישׁ לְכָל עָוֺן

     Lō yāqûm ʿēd̲ ʾeḥād̲ bəʾîš lək̲ol ʿāwōn

     A single witness may not validate against an [accused] party any guilt or blame for any offense that may be committed

6. to be accounted as, to take the place of
   • Tanach, Deuteronomy 25:6, with translation of JTS:

     וְהָיָה הַבְּכוֹר אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵד יָקוּם עַל שֵׁם אָחִיו הַמֵּת

     Wəhāyāh habbək̲ôr ʾăšer tēlēd̲ yāqûm ʿal šēm ʾāḥîw hammēt̲

     The first child that she bears shall be accounted to the dead brother

7. (of a prediction or an accusation) to be valid, fulfilled
   • Tanach, 1 Samuel 1:23:

     אַךְ יָקֵם יְהוָה אֶת־דְּבָרוֹ

     ʾak̲ yāqēm ʾăd̲ōnāi ʾet̲-dəb̲ārô

     May GOD’s word be fulfilled.

Conjugation

Conjugation of קָם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)

non-finite forms		to-infinitive		לָקוּם
		action noun		קִימָה
finite forms		singular		plural
		m	f	m	f
past	first	קַמְתִּי		קַמְנוּ
	second	קַמְתָּ	קַמְתְּ	קַמְתֶּם	קַמְתֶּן
	third	קָם	קָמָה	קָמוּ
present		קָם	קָמָה	קָמִים	קָמוֹת
future	first	אָקוּם		נָקוּם
	second	תָּקוּם	תָּקוּמִי	תָּקוּמוּ	תקומנה / תָּקֹמְנָה1
	third	יָקוּם	תָּקוּם	יָקוּמוּ	תקומנה / תָּקֹמְנָה1
imperative	positive	קוּם	קוּמִי	קוּמוּ	קומנה / קֹמְנָה1
	negative	אַל + Second person future tense

¹ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Conjugation of קָם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)

non-finite forms		to-infinitive		לָקוּם
		action noun		קִימָה
finite forms		singular		plural
		m	f	m	f
past	first	קַמְתִּי		קַמְנוּ
	second	קַמְתָּ	קַמְתְּ	קַמְתֶּם	קַמְתֶּן
	third	קָם	קָמָה	קָמוּ
present		קָם	קָמָה	קָמִים	קָמוֹת
future	first	אָקוּם		נָקוּם
	second	תָּקוּם	תָּקוּמִי	תָּקוּמוּ	תְּקוּמֶינָה1
	third	יָקוּם	תָּקוּם	יָקוּמוּ	תְּקוּמֶינָה1
imperative	positive	קוּם	קוּמִי	קוּמוּ	קוּמֶינָה1
	negative	אַל + Second person future tense

¹ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Noun

קָם • (qɔm, kam) m (plural indefinite קָמִים, singular construct קָמֵי־)

1. foe

   Synonyms: אוֹיֵב (ʔōyeḇ, oyév), שׂוֹנֵא (śōneʔ, soné)

References

• H6965 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Lishana Deni

Etymology

From Aramaic קֳדָם (qŏḏām).

Preposition

קם (qam) (combining form קאמ־ (qām-))

1. before, in front of