العراق
Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Medieval Arabic geographic understanding of this toponym included the areas in the south and center of modern Iraq. This may be understood as the definite form of عِرَاق (ʕirāq, “shore, coast, any region or area (of a whole country or a mere rivulet in a garden) adjacent to water as opposed to another one”), contradistinguished from الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, “the Arabian Peninsula”), respectively, in Classical Syriac ܓܙܺܝܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gəzīrtā, “Mesopotamia”), but it is tempting to connect it with Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /erāg/, “lowlands”),[1] like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /ērān/, “Iran”), with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /ēr/, “Iranian”), referring to historic rule from Iraq’s plateau-situated neighbor, Persia. The former Pahlavi form is more closely reflected in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic incantation bowl; together with the neighboring region, this marks it as אירג (ʔyrg /*ērag/), being the oldest extant witness of the country name.[2] The Aramaic language continuum may have had a pharyngealized byform of the other vocalization, as also seen in عِرْنَاس (ʕirnās, “distaff”) and عَمْرُوسَة (ʕamrūsa, “small lamb”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
الْعِرَاق • (al-ʕirāq) m or f
Usage notes[edit]
- The definite article ال (al-) is indispensable.
- Unlike the majority of country names, الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq) is usually a masculine noun.
Declension[edit]
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | الْعِرَاق al-ʕirāq |
— |
| Nominative | — | الْعِرَاقُ al-ʕirāqu |
— |
| Accusative | — | الْعِرَاقَ al-ʕirāqa |
— |
| Genitive | — | الْعِرَاقِ al-ʕirāqi |
— |
Related terms[edit]
- عِرَاقِيّ (ʕirāqiyy)
- عِرَاقِيَّة (ʕirāqiyya)
References[edit]
- ^ Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2009), “Irano-Arabica: contamination and popular etymology. Notes on the Persian and Arabic lexicons (with references to Aramaic, Hebrew and Turkic)”, in Христианский Восток – Новая Серия, volume 5 (XI), Moscow: Издательство Российской Академии Наук и Государственного Эрмитажа, page 163
- ^ See the Aramaic entry for the locus and the literature on it.
Gulf Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
| Root |
|---|
| ع ر ق |
| 2 terms |
From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
العراق • (li-ʕrāg) f
Related terms[edit]
- عراقي (ʕrāgi, “Iraqi”)
Hijazi Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
العِراق • (alʿirāg) f
Usage notes[edit]
- This is one of the country names which requires the definite article ال.
Related terms[edit]
South Levantine Arabic[edit]
| Picture dictionary | |
|---|---|
|
|
Etymology[edit]
Learned borrowing from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
العراق • (il-ʕirāq) m
Related terms[edit]
- عراقي (ʕirāqi, “Iraqi”)
- Arabic terms derived from Middle Persian
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ر ق
- Arabic 3-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic proper nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic feminine nouns
- Arabic nouns with multiple genders
- ar:Iraq
- ar:Countries in Asia
- ar:Countries
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic definite nouns
- Gulf Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ر ق
- Gulf Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Gulf Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Gulf Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gulf Arabic lemmas
- Gulf Arabic proper nouns
- Gulf Arabic feminine nouns
- afb:Iraq
- afb:Countries in Asia
- afb:Countries
- Hijazi Arabic terms borrowed from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic proper nouns
- Hijazi Arabic feminine nouns
- acw:Iraq
- acw:Countries in Asia
- acw:Countries
- Visual dictionary
- South Levantine Arabic terms borrowed from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic learned borrowings from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic proper nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- ajp:Iraq
- ajp:Countries in Asia
- ajp:Countries