العراق
Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Medieval Arabic geographic understanding of this toponym concluded the area in the south and center of the modern Iraq. This may be understood as but the definite form of عِرَاق (ʿirāq, “shore, coast, any region or area (of a whole country or a mere rivulet in a garden) adjacent to water as opposed to another one”), contradistinguished from الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, “the Arabian Peninsula”), perspectively, in Classical Syriac, ܓܙܺܝܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gəzīrtā, “Mesopotamia”), but one wants to see hommage to Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /erāg/, “lowlands”),[1] like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /ērān/, “Iran”) but with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /ēr/, “Iranian”), referring to historic rule from Iraq’s plateau-situated neighbor, Persia. The former Pahlavi form is closer reflected in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic incantation bowl together with neighbouring region marks as אירג (ʔyrg /*ērag/), being the oldest extant witness of the country name.[2] The Aramaic language continuum may have had a pharyngealized byform of the other vocalization, as is also the suspicion for عِرْنَاس (ʿirnās, “distaff”) and عَمْرُوسَة (ʿamrūsa, “small lamb”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
الْعِرَاق • (al-ʿirāq) m or f
Usage notes[edit]
- The definite article ال (al-) is indispensable.
- Unlike the majority of country names, الْعِرَاق (al-ʿirāq) is usually a masculine noun.
Declension[edit]
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | الْعِرَاق al-ʿirāq |
— |
| Nominative | — | الْعِرَاقُ al-ʿirāqu |
— |
| Accusative | — | الْعِرَاقَ al-ʿirāqa |
— |
| Genitive | — | الْعِرَاقِ al-ʿirāqi |
— |
Related terms[edit]
- عِرَاقِيّ (ʿirāqiyy)
- عِرَاقِيَّة (ʿirāqiyya)
References[edit]
- ^ Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2009), “Irano-Arabica: contamination and popular etymology. Notes on the Persian and Arabic lexicons (with references to Aramaic, Hebrew and Turkic)”, in Христианский Восток – Новая Серия, volume 5 (XI), Moscow: Издательство Российской Академии Наук и Государственного Эрмитажа, page 163
- ^ See the Aramaic entry for the locus and the literature on it.
Gulf Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
| Root |
|---|
| ع ر ق |
| 2 pages |
From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʿirāq).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
العراق • (li-ʕrāg) f
Related terms[edit]
- عراقي (ʕrāgi, “Iraqi”)
Hijazi Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʿirāq).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
العِراق • (alʿirāg) m
Related terms[edit]
South Levantine Arabic[edit]
| Picture dictionary | |
|---|---|
|
|
Etymology[edit]
Learned borrowing from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʿirāq).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
العراق • (il-ʕirāq) m
Related terms[edit]
- عراقي (ʕirāqi, “Iraqi”)
- Arabic terms derived from Middle Persian
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ر ق
- Arabic 3-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic proper nouns
- Arabic terms with multiple genders
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic feminine nouns
- Arabic nouns with multiple genders
- ar:Countries in Asia
- ar:Countries
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic definite nouns
- ar:Iraq
- Gulf Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ر ق
- Gulf Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Gulf Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Gulf Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gulf Arabic lemmas
- Gulf Arabic proper nouns
- Gulf Arabic feminine nouns
- afb:Countries in Asia
- afb:Countries
- Hijazi Arabic terms borrowed from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic proper nouns
- Hijazi Arabic masculine nouns
- acw:Countries in Asia
- acw:Countries
- acw:Iraq
- Visual dictionary
- South Levantine Arabic terms borrowed from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic learned borrowings from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic proper nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- ajp:Countries in Asia
- ajp:Countries