مصر

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See also: مضر

Arabic[edit]

Arabic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ar

Etymology 1[edit]

From a common Semitic source; compare Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (miṣráyim), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm), and Akkadian 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿 (miṣru) or 𒈬𒀫 (muṣru). The ending in Hebrew and Ugaritic is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Conflated with the root م ص ر (m-ṣ-r) in some senses (see below).

The sense of Cairo stems from the earlier settlement مِصْرُ الفُسْطَاط (miṣru l-fusṭāṭ, “the Civil Center of Assembly”, literally “of the large camel-hair tents, assembly halls”) that was incorporated into Cairo.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /misˤr/
  • Audio(file)

Proper noun[edit]

مِصْر • (miṣr) f

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
  2. (dialectal, Egypt) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun مِصْر (miṣr)
Singular basic singular diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal — مِصْر
miṣr 		—
Nominative — مِصْرُ
miṣru 		—
Accusative — مِصْرَ
miṣra 		—
Genitive — مِصْرَ
miṣra 		—
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From the root م ص ر (m-ṣ-r), whose significations may have been partially influenced by the name of the North African region.

Noun[edit]

مِصْر • (miṣr) m (plural أَمْصَار (ʔamṣār))

  1. border, boundary, limit, march, neighboring territory
  2. separate area, district, province, city-state
  3. big city, metropolis, capital
  4. garrison town, a military fort, an incorporated area; a colony often to establish regional control, a civilizing or cultural settlement,
    1. (in the dual) Kufa and Basra
    2. (in the dual) Fustat and Kairouan
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun مِصْر (miṣr)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal مِصْر
miṣr 		الْمِصْر
al-miṣr 		مِصْر
miṣr
Nominative مِصْرٌ
miṣrun 		الْمِصْرُ
al-miṣru 		مِصْرُ
miṣru
Accusative مِصْرًا
miṣran 		الْمِصْرَ
al-miṣra 		مِصْرَ
miṣra
Genitive مِصْرٍ
miṣrin 		الْمِصْرِ
al-miṣri 		مِصْرِ
miṣri
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal مِصْرَيْن
miṣrayn 		الْمِصْرَيْن
al-miṣrayn 		مِصْرَيْ
miṣray
Nominative مِصْرَانِ
miṣrāni 		الْمِصْرَانِ
al-miṣrāni 		مِصْرَا
miṣrā
Accusative مِصْرَيْنِ
miṣrayni 		الْمِصْرَيْنِ
al-miṣrayni 		مِصْرَيْ
miṣray
Genitive مِصْرَيْنِ
miṣrayni 		الْمِصْرَيْنِ
al-miṣrayni 		مِصْرَيْ
miṣray
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَمْصَار
ʔamṣār 		الْأَمْصَار
al-ʔamṣār 		أَمْصَار
ʔamṣār
Nominative أَمْصَارٌ
ʔamṣārun 		الْأَمْصَارُ
al-ʔamṣāru 		أَمْصَارُ
ʔamṣāru
Accusative أَمْصَارًا
ʔamṣāran 		الْأَمْصَارَ
al-ʔamṣāra 		أَمْصَارَ
ʔamṣāra
Genitive أَمْصَارٍ
ʔamṣārin 		الْأَمْصَارِ
al-ʔamṣāri 		أَمْصَارِ
ʔamṣāri
Derived terms[edit]
  • مَصَّرَ (maṣṣara, “to found (a city), to settle; to urbanize”)
  • تَمَصَّرَ (tamaṣṣara, “to become a city”)

Etymology 3[edit]

From the root م ص ر (m-ṣ-r), with senses relating to Egypt deriving directly from مِصْر (miṣr, “Egypt”).

Verb[edit]

مَصَّرَ • (maṣṣara) II, non-past يُمَصِّرُ‎ (yumaṣṣiru)

  1. (transitive) to build or found (a city), to settle or people (a region), to colonize; to civilize
    Synonyms: اِسْتَعْمَرَ (istaʕmara), اِسْتَوْطَنَ (istawṭana)
  2. (transitive) to make Egyptian, to Egyptianize
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
مَصَّرَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
tamṣīr
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
mumaṣṣir
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mumaṣṣar
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
maṣṣartu
maṣṣarta
مَصَّرَ

maṣṣara
maṣṣartumā
maṣṣarā
maṣṣarnā
maṣṣartum
maṣṣarū
f
maṣṣarti
maṣṣarat
maṣṣaratā
maṣṣartunna
maṣṣarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔumaṣṣiru
tumaṣṣiru
yumaṣṣiru
tumaṣṣirāni
yumaṣṣirāni
numaṣṣiru
tumaṣṣirūna
yumaṣṣirūna
f
tumaṣṣirīna
tumaṣṣiru
tumaṣṣirāni
tumaṣṣirna
yumaṣṣirna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔumaṣṣira
tumaṣṣira
yumaṣṣira
tumaṣṣirā
yumaṣṣirā
numaṣṣira
tumaṣṣirū
yumaṣṣirū
f
tumaṣṣirī
tumaṣṣira
tumaṣṣirā
tumaṣṣirna
yumaṣṣirna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔumaṣṣir
tumaṣṣir
yumaṣṣir
tumaṣṣirā
yumaṣṣirā
numaṣṣir
tumaṣṣirū
yumaṣṣirū
f
tumaṣṣirī
tumaṣṣir
tumaṣṣirā
tumaṣṣirna
yumaṣṣirna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
مَصِّرْ

maṣṣir
maṣṣirā
maṣṣirū
f
maṣṣirī
maṣṣirna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
muṣṣirtu
muṣṣirta
مُصِّرَ

muṣṣira
muṣṣirtumā
muṣṣirā
muṣṣirnā
muṣṣirtum
muṣṣirū
f
muṣṣirti
muṣṣirat
muṣṣiratā
muṣṣirtunna
muṣṣirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔumaṣṣaru
tumaṣṣaru
yumaṣṣaru
tumaṣṣarāni
yumaṣṣarāni
numaṣṣaru
tumaṣṣarūna
yumaṣṣarūna
f
tumaṣṣarīna
tumaṣṣaru
tumaṣṣarāni
tumaṣṣarna
yumaṣṣarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔumaṣṣara
tumaṣṣara
yumaṣṣara
tumaṣṣarā
yumaṣṣarā
numaṣṣara
tumaṣṣarū
yumaṣṣarū
f
tumaṣṣarī
tumaṣṣara
tumaṣṣarā
tumaṣṣarna
yumaṣṣarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔumaṣṣar
tumaṣṣar
yumaṣṣar
tumaṣṣarā
yumaṣṣarā
numaṣṣar
tumaṣṣarū
yumaṣṣarū
f
tumaṣṣarī
tumaṣṣar
tumaṣṣarā
tumaṣṣarna
yumaṣṣarna
Derived terms[edit]
  • تَمْصِير (tamṣīr, “settlement, civilization, colonization; Egyptianization”)

Etymology 4[edit]

Root
ص ر ر (ṣ-r-r)

Derived from the active participle of أَصَرّ (ʔaṣarr, “to persist in”).

Adjective[edit]

مُصِرّ • (muṣirr) (feminine مُصِرَّة (muṣirra), masculine plural مُصِرُّونَ (muṣirrūna), feminine plural مُصِرَّات (muṣirrāt))

  1. insistent
Declension[edit]
Declension of adjective مُصِرّ (muṣirr)
Singular Masculine Feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal مُصِرّ
muṣirr 		الْمُصِرّ
al-muṣirr 		مُصِرَّة
muṣirra 		الْمُصِرَّة
al-muṣirra
Nominative مُصِرٌّ
muṣirrun 		الْمُصِرُّ
al-muṣirru 		مُصِرَّةٌ
muṣirratun 		الْمُصِرَّةُ
al-muṣirratu
Accusative مُصِرًّا
muṣirran 		الْمُصِرَّ
al-muṣirra 		مُصِرَّةً
muṣirratan 		الْمُصِرَّةَ
al-muṣirrata
Genitive مُصِرٍّ
muṣirrin 		الْمُصِرِّ
al-muṣirri 		مُصِرَّةٍ
muṣirratin 		الْمُصِرَّةِ
al-muṣirrati
Dual Masculine Feminine
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal مُصِرَّيْن
muṣirrayn 		الْمُصِرَّيْن
al-muṣirrayn 		مُصِرَّتَيْن
muṣirratayn 		الْمُصِرَّتَيْن
al-muṣirratayn
Nominative مُصِرَّانِ
muṣirrāni 		الْمُصِرَّانِ
al-muṣirrāni 		مُصِرَّتَانِ
muṣirratāni 		الْمُصِرَّتَانِ
al-muṣirratāni
Accusative مُصِرَّيْنِ
muṣirrayni 		الْمُصِرَّيْنِ
al-muṣirrayni 		مُصِرَّتَيْنِ
muṣirratayni 		الْمُصِرَّتَيْنِ
al-muṣirratayni
Genitive مُصِرَّيْنِ
muṣirrayni 		الْمُصِرَّيْنِ
al-muṣirrayni 		مُصِرَّتَيْنِ
muṣirratayni 		الْمُصِرَّتَيْنِ
al-muṣirratayni
Plural Masculine Feminine
sound masculine plural sound feminine plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal مُصِرِّين
muṣirrīn 		الْمُصِرِّين
al-muṣirrīn 		مُصِرَّات
muṣirrāt 		الْمُصِرَّات
al-muṣirrāt
Nominative مُصِرُّونَ
muṣirrūna 		الْمُصِرُّونَ
al-muṣirrūna 		مُصِرَّاتٌ
muṣirrātun 		الْمُصِرَّاتُ
al-muṣirrātu
Accusative مُصِرِّينَ
muṣirrīna 		الْمُصِرِّينَ
al-muṣirrīna 		مُصِرَّاتٍ
muṣirrātin 		الْمُصِرَّاتِ
al-muṣirrāti
Genitive مُصِرِّينَ
muṣirrīna 		الْمُصِرِّينَ
al-muṣirrīna 		مُصِرَّاتٍ
muṣirrātin 		الْمُصِرَّاتِ
al-muṣirrāti

References[edit]

  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “مصر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Egyptian Arabic[edit]

Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia arz

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

مصر • (maṣr)

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Descendants[edit]

Hijazi Arabic[edit]

مَصُر
عَلَم مَصُر

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ma.sˤur/, [ma.sˤʊr], [ma.sˤɯr]

Proper noun[edit]

مَصُر • (maṣur) f

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Root
ص ر ر
1 term

From Arabic مُصِرّ (muṣirr).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /mu.sˤirr/, [mʊ.sˤɪrr]

Adjective[edit]

مُصِرّ • (muṣirr) (feminine مُصِرَّة (muṣirra), common plural مُصِرِّين (muṣirrīn))

  1. persistent
  2. determined, insistent

Moroccan Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

مِصْر • (miṣr) f

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Derived terms[edit]

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic مِصْر (Miṣr, “Egypt”).

Proper noun[edit]

مصر • (Mısır)

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Noun[edit]

مصر • (mısır)

  1. maize, corn

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Pashto[edit]

Pashto Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ps

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

مصر • (misr) m

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Persian[edit]

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? misr
Dari reading? misr
Iranian reading? mesr
Tajik reading? misr

Proper noun[edit]

Dari مصر
Iranian Persian
Tajik Миср

مِصْر • (mesr)

  1. Egypt (a country in Africa)
    • 1611, ʿAbd al-Sattār ibn Qāsim Lāhōrī, مجالس جهانگیری [Majālis-i Jahāngīrī]:
      این كمترین مریدان حكایتی از جنگ كردن سلطان صالح‌الدین مصر به فرنگیان كه از غرابت خالی نبوده به عرض اقـدس مـیرسانید.
      īn kamtarīn murīdān hikāyatē az jang kardan-i sultān sālah-ad-dīn-i misr ba farangīyān ki az ğurābat xālī na-būda ba arz-i aqdas mē-rasānīd.
      We humblest servants told a story in his imperial presence about the war that Sultan Saladin of Egypt had waged against the Crusaders, which was not devoid of marvels.
  2. (archaic) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic مُصِرّ (muṣirr).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? mosirr
Dari reading? mosirr
Iranian reading? moserr
Tajik reading? mosirr

Adjective[edit]

مُصِرّ • (moserr)

  1. (uncommon, literary) insistent

Punjabi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

مِصَر • (miṣar) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਿਸਰ)

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
م ص ر
3 terms

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /masˤr/, [ˈmɑ.sˤ(ɪ)rˤ]
  • Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Proper noun[edit]

مصر • (maṣr) f

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Related terms[edit]

Urdu[edit]

Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ur

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian مِصْر (misr), from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

مِصْر • (misr) f (Hindi spelling मिस्र)

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
    • 2004, مرزا طاہر احمد [Mirza Tahir Ahmad], رَبِّ اِنِّی لِمَا اَنزَلتَ اِلَیَّ مِن خَیر فَقِیر (poetry), quoted in کلامِ طاہر [Kalam-e-Tahir], pages 99-100:
      مصر جانے کو جی مچلتا ہے
      miṣr jāne ko jī macaltā hai
      My heart yearns to go to Egypt
  2. (by extension) cities south of Cairo in Egypt.
  3. (figuratively) Cairo (a city in Egypt).

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

مِصْر • (misr) f (Hindi spelling मिस्र)

  1. a city; centre; country
  2. limit, extent (between two items)
  3. sword; blade

Further reading[edit]

  • “مصر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “مصر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “مصر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “مصر”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • John Shakespear (1834) “مصر”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
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