جندر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English gender.

Noun

جِنْدَر • (jindar) m

1. gender identity

Etymology 2

By surface natively derived as from the root ج د ر (j-d-r). Maybe from Classical Persian جندر (jandar, “clothes”) or جندره (jandara, “calender, mangle; smoothening”) in the sense of giving a new look to something, as the present verb is said to specifically apply to garments or fabrics, and writing materials.

Verb

جَنْدَرَ • (jandara) Iq, non-past يُجَنْدِرُ‎ (yujandiru) (Classical Arabic)

1. to restore, to reestablish, to renew the figure of

Conjugation

Conjugation of

جَنْدَرَ

(form-Iq sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جَنْدَرَة jandara
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُجَنْدِر mujandir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُجَنْدَر mujandar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَنْدَرْتُ jandartu	جَنْدَرْتَ jandarta	جَنْدَرَ jandara		جَنْدَرْتُمَا jandartumā	جَنْدَرَا jandarā		جَنْدَرْنَا jandarnā	جَنْدَرْتُمْ jandartum	جَنْدَرُوا jandarū
	f		جَنْدَرْتِ jandarti	جَنْدَرَتْ jandarat			جَنْدَرَتَا jandaratā			جَنْدَرْتُنَّ jandartunna	جَنْدَرْنَ jandarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُجَنْدِرُ ʔujandiru	تُجَنْدِرُ tujandiru	يُجَنْدِرُ yujandiru		تُجَنْدِرَانِ tujandirāni	يُجَنْدِرَانِ yujandirāni		نُجَنْدِرُ nujandiru	تُجَنْدِرُونَ tujandirūna	يُجَنْدِرُونَ yujandirūna
	f		تُجَنْدِرِينَ tujandirīna	تُجَنْدِرُ tujandiru			تُجَنْدِرَانِ tujandirāni			تُجَنْدِرْنَ tujandirna	يُجَنْدِرْنَ yujandirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُجَنْدِرَ ʔujandira	تُجَنْدِرَ tujandira	يُجَنْدِرَ yujandira		تُجَنْدِرَا tujandirā	يُجَنْدِرَا yujandirā		نُجَنْدِرَ nujandira	تُجَنْدِرُوا tujandirū	يُجَنْدِرُوا yujandirū
	f		تُجَنْدِرِي tujandirī	تُجَنْدِرَ tujandira			تُجَنْدِرَا tujandirā			تُجَنْدِرْنَ tujandirna	يُجَنْدِرْنَ yujandirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُجَنْدِرْ ʔujandir	تُجَنْدِرْ tujandir	يُجَنْدِرْ yujandir		تُجَنْدِرَا tujandirā	يُجَنْدِرَا yujandirā		نُجَنْدِرْ nujandir	تُجَنْدِرُوا tujandirū	يُجَنْدِرُوا yujandirū
	f		تُجَنْدِرِي tujandirī	تُجَنْدِرْ tujandir			تُجَنْدِرَا tujandirā			تُجَنْدِرْنَ tujandirna	يُجَنْدِرْنَ yujandirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جَنْدِرْ jandir			جَنْدِرَا jandirā				جَنْدِرُوا jandirū
	f		جَنْدِرِي jandirī							جَنْدِرْنَ jandirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جُنْدِرْتُ jundirtu	جُنْدِرْتَ jundirta	جُنْدِرَ jundira		جُنْدِرْتُمَا jundirtumā	جُنْدِرَا jundirā		جُنْدِرْنَا jundirnā	جُنْدِرْتُمْ jundirtum	جُنْدِرُوا jundirū
	f		جُنْدِرْتِ jundirti	جُنْدِرَتْ jundirat			جُنْدِرَتَا jundiratā			جُنْدِرْتُنَّ jundirtunna	جُنْدِرْنَ jundirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُجَنْدَرُ ʔujandaru	تُجَنْدَرُ tujandaru	يُجَنْدَرُ yujandaru		تُجَنْدَرَانِ tujandarāni	يُجَنْدَرَانِ yujandarāni		نُجَنْدَرُ nujandaru	تُجَنْدَرُونَ tujandarūna	يُجَنْدَرُونَ yujandarūna
	f		تُجَنْدَرِينَ tujandarīna	تُجَنْدَرُ tujandaru			تُجَنْدَرَانِ tujandarāni			تُجَنْدَرْنَ tujandarna	يُجَنْدَرْنَ yujandarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُجَنْدَرَ ʔujandara	تُجَنْدَرَ tujandara	يُجَنْدَرَ yujandara		تُجَنْدَرَا tujandarā	يُجَنْدَرَا yujandarā		نُجَنْدَرَ nujandara	تُجَنْدَرُوا tujandarū	يُجَنْدَرُوا yujandarū
	f		تُجَنْدَرِي tujandarī	تُجَنْدَرَ tujandara			تُجَنْدَرَا tujandarā			تُجَنْدَرْنَ tujandarna	يُجَنْدَرْنَ yujandarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُجَنْدَرْ ʔujandar	تُجَنْدَرْ tujandar	يُجَنْدَرْ yujandar		تُجَنْدَرَا tujandarā	يُجَنْدَرَا yujandarā		نُجَنْدَرْ nujandar	تُجَنْدَرُوا tujandarū	يُجَنْدَرُوا yujandarū
	f		تُجَنْدَرِي tujandarī	تُجَنْدَرْ tujandar			تُجَنْدَرَا tujandarā			تُجَنْدَرْنَ tujandarna	يُجَنْدَرْنَ yujandarna

References

• Classical Arabic dictionaries s.v.
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “جندر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 313
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “جندر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 338b
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “جندر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 389c
• Sawa, George Dimitri ((Can we date this quote?)) Musical and Socio-Cultural Anecdotes from Kitāb al-Aghānī al-Kabīr. Annotated Translations and Commentaries (Islamic History and Civilization; 159) (in Arabic), Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 262

Egyptian Arabic

Root
ج ن د ر
1 term

Etymology

Denominal verb of جندرة (gandara).

Verb

جندر • (gandar) Iq

1. to mangle, to calender, to press by roll

References

• Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎^[4], Beirut: Librairie du Liban, page 175a
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (2020) “جندر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 6th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 156b

Persian

Etymology

May have been obtained by back-formation from جندره (jandara), if Morgenstierne is not right to deny this by reason that the suffix ـه (-a) has not been used in the sense of an instrument employed in handling the thing which the original word denotes; this could be otherwise if, as a consequence of that word’s Indian origin, the present word was considered an Arabism with the suffix ـَة (-a) or a form Iq verbal noun, although even with جَنْدَرَ (jandara, “to renew the figure of”) existing there wouldn’t likely be a noun of place of this form; or if another Iranian language did her part.

Noun

جندر • (jandar)

1. clothes
2. place to keep clothes or also other domestic implements

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “جندر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Vullers, Johann August (1855) “جندر”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[5] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 532b
• Morgenstierne, Georg (1923) “Iranian Notes”, in Acta Orientalia, volume 1, Leiden: E.J. Brill, page 264 of 245–284