حصن
Arabic
Etymology 1
Morphologically from the root ح ص ن (ḥ-ṣ-n). However it has been reckoned that the root’s other formations, containing meanings related to inaccessibility, protection, strength, are denominal from the word for the fortress, حِصْن (ḥiṣn), and this is borrowed from Aramaic חִצְנַא / ܚܶܨܢܳܐ (ḥesnā, “stronghold, fortress”), assimilating the laryngeal from earlier 𐡇𐡎𐡍𐡀 / ܚܶܣܢܳܐ (ḥesnā, “stronghold, fortress”), also חוּסנַא / ܚܽܘܣܢܳܐ (ḥusnā), already attested in Old Aramaic 𐤇𐤎𐤍𐤀 (ḥsnʾ), deriving from a well-used root ח־ס־ן ܚ-ܨ-ܢ (ḥ-ṣ-n), which would be cognate to the Arabic root خ ش ن (ḵ-š-n) related to roughness, or perhaps ح س ن (ḥ-s-n) related to goodliness, comeliness, if one relates pulchritude with brawn, and fortresses with exaltedness of appearance. This ascription of Aramaic origin is corroborated by the consideration that fortresses are not to be sought in the original place of the Arabic language, and in conformity with this, most other terms for fortresses, castles, and towers are borrowed, بُرْج (burj), قَصْر (qaṣr), بَلَاط (balāṭ), مِجْدَل (mijdal), صَرْح (ṣarḥ), مِحْرَاب (miḥrāb), صَوْمَعَة (ṣawmaʕa), سَرَاي (sarāy), إِيوَان (ʔīwān), قَشْلَة (qašla). And though the root ح ص ن (ḥ-ṣ-n) contains حِصَان (ḥiṣān, “horse, stallion, stud”), not even this is a strong contender for a native origin in this root, since this word for a stud or stallion, of high register, could have been invented easily in folk poetry from the idea of strength a fortress is connected to, which is supported by the fact that horses aren’t to be sought in Arabia either, and the other word فَرَس (faras) has also been picked up.
Pronunciation
Noun
حِصْن • (ḥiṣn) m (plural حُصُون (ḥuṣūn) or حِصَنَة (ḥiṣana) or أَحْصَان (ʔaḥṣān))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حِصْن ḥiṣn |
الْحِصْن al-ḥiṣn |
حِصْن ḥiṣn |
Nominative | حِصْنٌ ḥiṣnun |
الْحِصْنُ al-ḥiṣnu |
حِصْنُ ḥiṣnu |
Accusative | حِصْنًا ḥiṣnan |
الْحِصْنَ al-ḥiṣna |
حِصْنَ ḥiṣna |
Genitive | حِصْنٍ ḥiṣnin |
الْحِصْنِ al-ḥiṣni |
حِصْنِ ḥiṣni |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حِصْنَيْن ḥiṣnayn |
الْحِصْنَيْن al-ḥiṣnayn |
حِصْنَيْ ḥiṣnay |
Nominative | حِصْنَانِ ḥiṣnāni |
الْحِصْنَانِ al-ḥiṣnāni |
حِصْنَا ḥiṣnā |
Accusative | حِصْنَيْنِ ḥiṣnayni |
الْحِصْنَيْنِ al-ḥiṣnayni |
حِصْنَيْ ḥiṣnay |
Genitive | حِصْنَيْنِ ḥiṣnayni |
الْحِصْنَيْنِ al-ḥiṣnayni |
حِصْنَيْ ḥiṣnay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حُصُون; حِصَنَة; أَحْصَان ḥuṣūn; ḥiṣana; ʔaḥṣān |
الْحُصُون; الْحِصَنَة; الْأَحْصَان al-ḥuṣūn; al-ḥiṣana; al-ʔaḥṣān |
حُصُون; حِصَنَة; أَحْصَان ḥuṣūn; ḥiṣanat; ʔaḥṣān |
Nominative | حُصُونٌ; حِصَنَةٌ; أَحْصَانٌ ḥuṣūnun; ḥiṣanatun; ʔaḥṣānun |
الْحُصُونُ; الْحِصَنَةُ; الْأَحْصَانُ al-ḥuṣūnu; al-ḥiṣanatu; al-ʔaḥṣānu |
حُصُونُ; حِصَنَةُ; أَحْصَانُ ḥuṣūnu; ḥiṣanatu; ʔaḥṣānu |
Accusative | حُصُونًا; حِصَنَةً; أَحْصَانًا ḥuṣūnan; ḥiṣanatan; ʔaḥṣānan |
الْحُصُونَ; الْحِصَنَةَ; الْأَحْصَانَ al-ḥuṣūna; al-ḥiṣanata; al-ʔaḥṣāna |
حُصُونَ; حِصَنَةَ; أَحْصَانَ ḥuṣūna; ḥiṣanata; ʔaḥṣāna |
Genitive | حُصُونٍ; حِصَنَةٍ; أَحْصَانٍ ḥuṣūnin; ḥiṣanatin; ʔaḥṣānin |
الْحُصُونِ; الْحِصَنَةِ; الْأَحْصَانِ al-ḥuṣūni; al-ḥiṣanati; al-ʔaḥṣāni |
حُصُونِ; حِصَنَةِ; أَحْصَانِ ḥuṣūni; ḥiṣanati; ʔaḥṣāni |
Descendants
- → Georgian: ისანი (isani)
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 235–236
- “ḥṣn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ḥsn2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ḥsn3”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ḥsn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Etymology 2
After the root ح ص ن (ḥ-ṣ-n).
Verb
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- to be inaccessible, to be unattainable
Conjugation
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Verb
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- to be continent, to be chaste, to keep decor (by keeping in husbandly home or unapproached)
Conjugation
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Noun
حَصْن or حُصْن or حِصْن • (ḥaṣn or ḥuṣn or ḥiṣn) m
- verbal noun of حَصُنَ (ḥaṣuna, “to be continent, to be chaste, to keep decor”) (form I)
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَصْن; حُصْن; حِصْن ḥaṣn; ḥuṣn; ḥiṣn |
الْحَصْن; الْحُصْن; الْحِصْن al-ḥaṣn; al-ḥuṣn; al-ḥiṣn |
حَصْن; حُصْن; حِصْن ḥaṣn; ḥuṣn; ḥiṣn |
Nominative | حَصْنٌ; حُصْنٌ; حِصْنٌ ḥaṣnun; ḥuṣnun; ḥiṣnun |
الْحَصْنُ; الْحُصْنُ; الْحِصْنُ al-ḥaṣnu; al-ḥuṣnu; al-ḥiṣnu |
حَصْنُ; حُصْنُ; حِصْنُ ḥaṣnu; ḥuṣnu; ḥiṣnu |
Accusative | حَصْنًا; حُصْنًا; حِصْنًا ḥaṣnan; ḥuṣnan; ḥiṣnan |
الْحَصْنَ; الْحُصْنَ; الْحِصْنَ al-ḥaṣna; al-ḥuṣna; al-ḥiṣna |
حَصْنَ; حُصْنَ; حِصْنَ ḥaṣna; ḥuṣna; ḥiṣna |
Genitive | حَصْنٍ; حُصْنٍ; حِصْنٍ ḥaṣnin; ḥuṣnin; ḥiṣnin |
الْحَصْنِ; الْحُصْنِ; الْحِصْنِ al-ḥaṣni; al-ḥuṣni; al-ḥiṣni |
حَصْنِ; حُصْنِ; حِصْنِ ḥaṣni; ḥuṣni; ḥiṣni |
Verb
حَصَّنَ • (ḥaṣṣana) II (non-past يُحَصِّنُ (yuḥaṣṣinu), verbal noun تَحْصِين (taḥṣīn))
- to render inaccessible, to make unattainable
- to immunize, to vaccinate (that is, to make unattainable for pathogens)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَحْصِين taḥṣīn | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُحَصِّن muḥaṣṣin | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُحَصَّن muḥaṣṣan | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | حَصَّنْتُ ḥaṣṣantu |
حَصَّنْتَ ḥaṣṣanta |
حَصَّنَ ḥaṣṣana |
حَصَّنْتُمَا ḥaṣṣantumā |
حَصَّنَا ḥaṣṣanā |
حَصَّنَّا ḥaṣṣannā |
حَصَّنْتُمْ ḥaṣṣantum |
حَصَّنُوا ḥaṣṣanū | |||
f | حَصَّنْتِ ḥaṣṣanti |
حَصَّنَتْ ḥaṣṣanat |
حَصَّنَتَا ḥaṣṣanatā |
حَصَّنْتُنَّ ḥaṣṣantunna |
حَصَّنَّ ḥaṣṣanna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُحَصِّنُ ʔuḥaṣṣinu |
تُحَصِّنُ tuḥaṣṣinu |
يُحَصِّنُ yuḥaṣṣinu |
تُحَصِّنَانِ tuḥaṣṣināni |
يُحَصِّنَانِ yuḥaṣṣināni |
نُحَصِّنُ nuḥaṣṣinu |
تُحَصِّنُونَ tuḥaṣṣinūna |
يُحَصِّنُونَ yuḥaṣṣinūna | |||
f | تُحَصِّنِينَ tuḥaṣṣinīna |
تُحَصِّنُ tuḥaṣṣinu |
تُحَصِّنَانِ tuḥaṣṣināni |
تُحَصِّنَّ tuḥaṣṣinna |
يُحَصِّنَّ yuḥaṣṣinna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُحَصِّنَ ʔuḥaṣṣina |
تُحَصِّنَ tuḥaṣṣina |
يُحَصِّنَ yuḥaṣṣina |
تُحَصِّنَا tuḥaṣṣinā |
يُحَصِّنَا yuḥaṣṣinā |
نُحَصِّنَ nuḥaṣṣina |
تُحَصِّنُوا tuḥaṣṣinū |
يُحَصِّنُوا yuḥaṣṣinū | |||
f | تُحَصِّنِي tuḥaṣṣinī |
تُحَصِّنَ tuḥaṣṣina |
تُحَصِّنَا tuḥaṣṣinā |
تُحَصِّنَّ tuḥaṣṣinna |
يُحَصِّنَّ yuḥaṣṣinna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُحَصِّنْ ʔuḥaṣṣin |
تُحَصِّنْ tuḥaṣṣin |
يُحَصِّنْ yuḥaṣṣin |
تُحَصِّنَا tuḥaṣṣinā |
يُحَصِّنَا yuḥaṣṣinā |
نُحَصِّنْ nuḥaṣṣin |
تُحَصِّنُوا tuḥaṣṣinū |
يُحَصِّنُوا yuḥaṣṣinū | |||
f | تُحَصِّنِي tuḥaṣṣinī |
تُحَصِّنْ tuḥaṣṣin |
تُحَصِّنَا tuḥaṣṣinā |
تُحَصِّنَّ tuḥaṣṣinna |
يُحَصِّنَّ yuḥaṣṣinna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | حَصِّنْ ḥaṣṣin |
حَصِّنَا ḥaṣṣinā |
حَصِّنُوا ḥaṣṣinū |
||||||||
f | حَصِّنِي ḥaṣṣinī |
حَصِّنَّ ḥaṣṣinna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | حُصِّنْتُ ḥuṣṣintu |
حُصِّنْتَ ḥuṣṣinta |
حُصِّنَ ḥuṣṣina |
حُصِّنْتُمَا ḥuṣṣintumā |
حُصِّنَا ḥuṣṣinā |
حُصِّنَّا ḥuṣṣinnā |
حُصِّنْتُمْ ḥuṣṣintum |
حُصِّنُوا ḥuṣṣinū | |||
f | حُصِّنْتِ ḥuṣṣinti |
حُصِّنَتْ ḥuṣṣinat |
حُصِّنَتَا ḥuṣṣinatā |
حُصِّنْتُنَّ ḥuṣṣintunna |
حُصِّنَّ ḥuṣṣinna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُحَصَّنُ ʔuḥaṣṣanu |
تُحَصَّنُ tuḥaṣṣanu |
يُحَصَّنُ yuḥaṣṣanu |
تُحَصَّنَانِ tuḥaṣṣanāni |
يُحَصَّنَانِ yuḥaṣṣanāni |
نُحَصَّنُ nuḥaṣṣanu |
تُحَصَّنُونَ tuḥaṣṣanūna |
يُحَصَّنُونَ yuḥaṣṣanūna | |||
f | تُحَصَّنِينَ tuḥaṣṣanīna |
تُحَصَّنُ tuḥaṣṣanu |
تُحَصَّنَانِ tuḥaṣṣanāni |
تُحَصَّنَّ tuḥaṣṣanna |
يُحَصَّنَّ yuḥaṣṣanna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُحَصَّنَ ʔuḥaṣṣana |
تُحَصَّنَ tuḥaṣṣana |
يُحَصَّنَ yuḥaṣṣana |
تُحَصَّنَا tuḥaṣṣanā |
يُحَصَّنَا yuḥaṣṣanā |
نُحَصَّنَ nuḥaṣṣana |
تُحَصَّنُوا tuḥaṣṣanū |
يُحَصَّنُوا yuḥaṣṣanū | |||
f | تُحَصَّنِي tuḥaṣṣanī |
تُحَصَّنَ tuḥaṣṣana |
تُحَصَّنَا tuḥaṣṣanā |
تُحَصَّنَّ tuḥaṣṣanna |
يُحَصَّنَّ yuḥaṣṣanna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُحَصَّنْ ʔuḥaṣṣan |
تُحَصَّنْ tuḥaṣṣan |
يُحَصَّنْ yuḥaṣṣan |
تُحَصَّنَا tuḥaṣṣanā |
يُحَصَّنَا yuḥaṣṣanā |
نُحَصَّنْ nuḥaṣṣan |
تُحَصَّنُوا tuḥaṣṣanū |
يُحَصَّنُوا yuḥaṣṣanū | |||
f | تُحَصَّنِي tuḥaṣṣanī |
تُحَصَّنْ tuḥaṣṣan |
تُحَصَّنَا tuḥaṣṣanā |
تُحَصَّنَّ tuḥaṣṣanna |
يُحَصَّنَّ yuḥaṣṣanna |
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
Noun
حُصُن • (ḥuṣun) m pl
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ح ص ن
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic nouns with triptote broken plural in -a
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic noun forms