حصن

See also: حضن

Arabic

Etymology 1

Morphologically from the root ح ص ن (ḥ-ṣ-n). However it has been reckoned that the root’s other formations, containing meanings related to inaccessibility, protection, strength, are denominal from the word for the fortress, حِصْن (ḥiṣn), and this is borrowed from Aramaic חִצְנַא / ܚܶܨܢܳܐ (ḥesnā, “stronghold, fortress”), assimilating the laryngeal from earlier 𐡇𐡎𐡍𐡀 / ܚܶܣܢܳܐ (ḥesnā, “stronghold, fortress”), also חוּסנַא / ܚܽܘܣܢܳܐ (ḥusnā), already attested in Old Aramaic 𐤇𐤎𐤍𐤀 (ḥsnʾ), deriving from a well-used root ח־ס־ן ܚ-ܨ-ܢ (ḥ-ṣ-n), which would be cognate to the Arabic root خ ش ن (ḵ-š-n) related to roughness, or perhaps ح س ن (ḥ-s-n) related to goodliness, comeliness, if one relates pulchritude with brawn, and fortresses with exaltedness of appearance. This ascription of Aramaic origin is corroborated by the consideration that fortresses are not to be sought in the original place of the Arabic language, and in conformity with this, most other terms for fortresses, castles, and towers are borrowed, بُرْج (burj), قَصْر (qaṣr), بَلَاط (balāṭ), مِجْدَل (mijdal), صَرْح (ṣarḥ), مِحْرَاب (miḥrāb), صَوْمَعَة (ṣawmaʕa), سَرَاي (sarāy), إِيوَان (ʔīwān), قَشْلَة (qašla). And though the root ح ص ن (ḥ-ṣ-n) contains حِصَان (ḥiṣān, “horse, stallion, stud”), not even this is a strong contender for a native origin in this root, since this word for a stud or stallion, of high register, could have been invented easily in folk poetry from the idea of strength a fortress is connected to, which is supported by the fact that horses aren’t to be sought in Arabia either, and the other word فَرَس (faras) has also been picked up.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħisˤn/

Noun

حِصْن • (ḥiṣn) m (plural حُصُون (ḥuṣūn) or حِصَنَة (ḥiṣana) or أَحْصَان (ʔaḥṣān))

1. stronghold, fortress, entrenchment
2. armor or weapons

Declension

Declension of noun حِصْن (ḥiṣn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِصْن ḥiṣn	الْحِصْن al-ḥiṣn	حِصْن ḥiṣn
Nominative	حِصْنٌ ḥiṣnun	الْحِصْنُ al-ḥiṣnu	حِصْنُ ḥiṣnu
Accusative	حِصْنًا ḥiṣnan	الْحِصْنَ al-ḥiṣna	حِصْنَ ḥiṣna
Genitive	حِصْنٍ ḥiṣnin	الْحِصْنِ al-ḥiṣni	حِصْنِ ḥiṣni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِصْنَيْن ḥiṣnayn	الْحِصْنَيْن al-ḥiṣnayn	حِصْنَيْ ḥiṣnay
Nominative	حِصْنَانِ ḥiṣnāni	الْحِصْنَانِ al-ḥiṣnāni	حِصْنَا ḥiṣnā
Accusative	حِصْنَيْنِ ḥiṣnayni	الْحِصْنَيْنِ al-ḥiṣnayni	حِصْنَيْ ḥiṣnay
Genitive	حِصْنَيْنِ ḥiṣnayni	الْحِصْنَيْنِ al-ḥiṣnayni	حِصْنَيْ ḥiṣnay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حُصُون‎; حِصَنَة‎; أَحْصَان ḥuṣūn‎; ḥiṣana‎; ʔaḥṣān	الْحُصُون‎; الْحِصَنَة‎; الْأَحْصَان al-ḥuṣūn‎; al-ḥiṣana‎; al-ʔaḥṣān	حُصُون‎; حِصَنَة‎; أَحْصَان ḥuṣūn‎; ḥiṣanat‎; ʔaḥṣān
Nominative	حُصُونٌ‎; حِصَنَةٌ‎; أَحْصَانٌ ḥuṣūnun‎; ḥiṣanatun‎; ʔaḥṣānun	الْحُصُونُ‎; الْحِصَنَةُ‎; الْأَحْصَانُ al-ḥuṣūnu‎; al-ḥiṣanatu‎; al-ʔaḥṣānu	حُصُونُ‎; حِصَنَةُ‎; أَحْصَانُ ḥuṣūnu‎; ḥiṣanatu‎; ʔaḥṣānu
Accusative	حُصُونًا‎; حِصَنَةً‎; أَحْصَانًا ḥuṣūnan‎; ḥiṣanatan‎; ʔaḥṣānan	الْحُصُونَ‎; الْحِصَنَةَ‎; الْأَحْصَانَ al-ḥuṣūna‎; al-ḥiṣanata‎; al-ʔaḥṣāna	حُصُونَ‎; حِصَنَةَ‎; أَحْصَانَ ḥuṣūna‎; ḥiṣanata‎; ʔaḥṣāna
Genitive	حُصُونٍ‎; حِصَنَةٍ‎; أَحْصَانٍ ḥuṣūnin‎; ḥiṣanatin‎; ʔaḥṣānin	الْحُصُونِ‎; الْحِصَنَةِ‎; الْأَحْصَانِ al-ḥuṣūni‎; al-ḥiṣanati‎; al-ʔaḥṣāni	حُصُونِ‎; حِصَنَةِ‎; أَحْصَانِ ḥuṣūni‎; ḥiṣanati‎; ʔaḥṣāni

Descendants

• → Georgian: ისანი (isani)

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 235–236
• “ḥṣn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥsn²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥsn³”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥsn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–

Etymology 2

After the root ح ص ن (ḥ-ṣ-n).

Verb

1. to be inaccessible, to be unattainable

Verb

1. to be continent, to be chaste, to keep decor (by keeping in husbandly home or unapproached)

Noun

حَصْن or حُصْن or حِصْن • (ḥaṣn or ḥuṣn or ḥiṣn) m

1. verbal noun of حَصُنَ (ḥaṣuna, “to be continent, to be chaste, to keep decor”) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun حَصْن (ḥaṣn)‎; حُصْن (ḥuṣn)‎; حِصْن (ḥiṣn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَصْن‎; حُصْن‎; حِصْن ḥaṣn‎; ḥuṣn‎; ḥiṣn	الْحَصْن‎; الْحُصْن‎; الْحِصْن al-ḥaṣn‎; al-ḥuṣn‎; al-ḥiṣn	حَصْن‎; حُصْن‎; حِصْن ḥaṣn‎; ḥuṣn‎; ḥiṣn
Nominative	حَصْنٌ‎; حُصْنٌ‎; حِصْنٌ ḥaṣnun‎; ḥuṣnun‎; ḥiṣnun	الْحَصْنُ‎; الْحُصْنُ‎; الْحِصْنُ al-ḥaṣnu‎; al-ḥuṣnu‎; al-ḥiṣnu	حَصْنُ‎; حُصْنُ‎; حِصْنُ ḥaṣnu‎; ḥuṣnu‎; ḥiṣnu
Accusative	حَصْنًا‎; حُصْنًا‎; حِصْنًا ḥaṣnan‎; ḥuṣnan‎; ḥiṣnan	الْحَصْنَ‎; الْحُصْنَ‎; الْحِصْنَ al-ḥaṣna‎; al-ḥuṣna‎; al-ḥiṣna	حَصْنَ‎; حُصْنَ‎; حِصْنَ ḥaṣna‎; ḥuṣna‎; ḥiṣna
Genitive	حَصْنٍ‎; حُصْنٍ‎; حِصْنٍ ḥaṣnin‎; ḥuṣnin‎; ḥiṣnin	الْحَصْنِ‎; الْحُصْنِ‎; الْحِصْنِ al-ḥaṣni‎; al-ḥuṣni‎; al-ḥiṣni	حَصْنِ‎; حُصْنِ‎; حِصْنِ ḥaṣni‎; ḥuṣni‎; ḥiṣni

Verb

حَصَّنَ • (ḥaṣṣana) II (non-past يُحَصِّنُ (yuḥaṣṣinu), verbal noun تَحْصِين (taḥṣīn))

1. to render inaccessible, to make unattainable
2. to immunize, to vaccinate (that is, to make unattainable for pathogens)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of حَصَّنَ (II, sound, full passive (?), verbal noun تَحْصِين)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَحْصِين taḥṣīn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُحَصِّن muḥaṣṣin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُحَصَّن muḥaṣṣan
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَصَّنْتُ ḥaṣṣantu	حَصَّنْتَ ḥaṣṣanta	حَصَّنَ ḥaṣṣana		حَصَّنْتُمَا ḥaṣṣantumā	حَصَّنَا ḥaṣṣanā		حَصَّنَّا ḥaṣṣannā	حَصَّنْتُمْ ḥaṣṣantum	حَصَّنُوا ḥaṣṣanū
	f		حَصَّنْتِ ḥaṣṣanti	حَصَّنَتْ ḥaṣṣanat			حَصَّنَتَا ḥaṣṣanatā			حَصَّنْتُنَّ ḥaṣṣantunna	حَصَّنَّ ḥaṣṣanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحَصِّنُ ʔuḥaṣṣinu	تُحَصِّنُ tuḥaṣṣinu	يُحَصِّنُ yuḥaṣṣinu		تُحَصِّنَانِ tuḥaṣṣināni	يُحَصِّنَانِ yuḥaṣṣināni		نُحَصِّنُ nuḥaṣṣinu	تُحَصِّنُونَ tuḥaṣṣinūna	يُحَصِّنُونَ yuḥaṣṣinūna
	f		تُحَصِّنِينَ tuḥaṣṣinīna	تُحَصِّنُ tuḥaṣṣinu			تُحَصِّنَانِ tuḥaṣṣināni			تُحَصِّنَّ tuḥaṣṣinna	يُحَصِّنَّ yuḥaṣṣinna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَصِّنَ ʔuḥaṣṣina	تُحَصِّنَ tuḥaṣṣina	يُحَصِّنَ yuḥaṣṣina		تُحَصِّنَا tuḥaṣṣinā	يُحَصِّنَا yuḥaṣṣinā		نُحَصِّنَ nuḥaṣṣina	تُحَصِّنُوا tuḥaṣṣinū	يُحَصِّنُوا yuḥaṣṣinū
	f		تُحَصِّنِي tuḥaṣṣinī	تُحَصِّنَ tuḥaṣṣina			تُحَصِّنَا tuḥaṣṣinā			تُحَصِّنَّ tuḥaṣṣinna	يُحَصِّنَّ yuḥaṣṣinna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَصِّنْ ʔuḥaṣṣin	تُحَصِّنْ tuḥaṣṣin	يُحَصِّنْ yuḥaṣṣin		تُحَصِّنَا tuḥaṣṣinā	يُحَصِّنَا yuḥaṣṣinā		نُحَصِّنْ nuḥaṣṣin	تُحَصِّنُوا tuḥaṣṣinū	يُحَصِّنُوا yuḥaṣṣinū
	f		تُحَصِّنِي tuḥaṣṣinī	تُحَصِّنْ tuḥaṣṣin			تُحَصِّنَا tuḥaṣṣinā			تُحَصِّنَّ tuḥaṣṣinna	يُحَصِّنَّ yuḥaṣṣinna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حَصِّنْ ḥaṣṣin			حَصِّنَا ḥaṣṣinā				حَصِّنُوا ḥaṣṣinū
	f		حَصِّنِي ḥaṣṣinī							حَصِّنَّ ḥaṣṣinna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُصِّنْتُ ḥuṣṣintu	حُصِّنْتَ ḥuṣṣinta	حُصِّنَ ḥuṣṣina		حُصِّنْتُمَا ḥuṣṣintumā	حُصِّنَا ḥuṣṣinā		حُصِّنَّا ḥuṣṣinnā	حُصِّنْتُمْ ḥuṣṣintum	حُصِّنُوا ḥuṣṣinū
	f		حُصِّنْتِ ḥuṣṣinti	حُصِّنَتْ ḥuṣṣinat			حُصِّنَتَا ḥuṣṣinatā			حُصِّنْتُنَّ ḥuṣṣintunna	حُصِّنَّ ḥuṣṣinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحَصَّنُ ʔuḥaṣṣanu	تُحَصَّنُ tuḥaṣṣanu	يُحَصَّنُ yuḥaṣṣanu		تُحَصَّنَانِ tuḥaṣṣanāni	يُحَصَّنَانِ yuḥaṣṣanāni		نُحَصَّنُ nuḥaṣṣanu	تُحَصَّنُونَ tuḥaṣṣanūna	يُحَصَّنُونَ yuḥaṣṣanūna
	f		تُحَصَّنِينَ tuḥaṣṣanīna	تُحَصَّنُ tuḥaṣṣanu			تُحَصَّنَانِ tuḥaṣṣanāni			تُحَصَّنَّ tuḥaṣṣanna	يُحَصَّنَّ yuḥaṣṣanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَصَّنَ ʔuḥaṣṣana	تُحَصَّنَ tuḥaṣṣana	يُحَصَّنَ yuḥaṣṣana		تُحَصَّنَا tuḥaṣṣanā	يُحَصَّنَا yuḥaṣṣanā		نُحَصَّنَ nuḥaṣṣana	تُحَصَّنُوا tuḥaṣṣanū	يُحَصَّنُوا yuḥaṣṣanū
	f		تُحَصَّنِي tuḥaṣṣanī	تُحَصَّنَ tuḥaṣṣana			تُحَصَّنَا tuḥaṣṣanā			تُحَصَّنَّ tuḥaṣṣanna	يُحَصَّنَّ yuḥaṣṣanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَصَّنْ ʔuḥaṣṣan	تُحَصَّنْ tuḥaṣṣan	يُحَصَّنْ yuḥaṣṣan		تُحَصَّنَا tuḥaṣṣanā	يُحَصَّنَا yuḥaṣṣanā		نُحَصَّنْ nuḥaṣṣan	تُحَصَّنُوا tuḥaṣṣanū	يُحَصَّنُوا yuḥaṣṣanū
	f		تُحَصَّنِي tuḥaṣṣanī	تُحَصَّنْ tuḥaṣṣan			تُحَصَّنَا tuḥaṣṣanā			تُحَصَّنَّ tuḥaṣṣanna	يُحَصَّنَّ yuḥaṣṣanna

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħu.sˤun/

Noun

حُصُن • (ḥuṣun) m pl

1. plural of حِصَان (ḥiṣān)