خدمت
Arabic
[edit]Verb
[edit]خدمت (form I)
- خَدَمْتُ (ḵadamtu) /xa.dam.tu/: first-person singular past active of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
- خَدَمْتَ (ḵadamta) /xa.dam.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
- خَدَمْتِ (ḵadamti) /xa.dam.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
- خَدَمَتْ (ḵadamat) /xa.da.mat/: third-person feminine singular past active of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
- خُدِمْتُ (ḵudimtu) /xu.dim.tu/: first-person singular past passive of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
- خُدِمْتَ (ḵudimta) /xu.dim.ta/: second-person masculine singular past passive of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
- خُدِمْتِ (ḵudimti) /xu.dim.ti/: second-person feminine singular past passive of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
- خُدِمَتْ (ḵudimat) /xu.di.mat/: third-person feminine singular past passive of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- خذمت (hızmet, hizmet)
Etymology
[edit]From Arabic خِدْمَة (ḵidma, “service, official duty”).
Noun
[edit]خدمت • (hidmet or hizmet) (plural خدمات (hidemat))
- service, an act of being of assistance to someone
- Synonym: قوللق (kulluk)
- (economics) service, the practice of providing assistance as economic activity
- duty, that which one is morally or legally obligated to do
- employment, the work or occupation for which one is used, and often paid
Derived terms
[edit]- خدمت گورمك (hizmet görmek, “to serve”)
- خدمتجی (hizmetci, “servant”)
- خدمتكار (hizmetkâr, “servant”)
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: hizmet
- → Albanian: hyzmet
- → Armenian: խըզմէթ (xəzmētʻ), խըզմա̈թ (xəzmätʻ)
- → Aromanian: huzmeti, huzmete, uzmeti, iuzmeti
- → Bulgarian: хизме́т (hizmét), изме́т (izmét), хюзме́т (hjuzmét)
- → Greek: χοσμέτι (chosméti), χουσμέτι (chousméti)
- → Macedonian: измет (izmet)
- → Romanian: huzmét
- → Serbo-Croatian:
Further reading
[edit]- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hizmet”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1976
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “خدمت”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 447
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خدمت”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 532
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Servitium”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 1549
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “خدمت”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, column 1867
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hizmet”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خدمت”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 834
Persian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- خذمت (xezmat) (dialectal, Mashhad, Southwestern Fars, Tajik, otherwise archaic)
- خذمد (xezmad) (dialectal, Birjand)[1]
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic خِدْمَة (ḵidma), from خَدَمَ (ḵadama).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xið.ˈmat]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xed̪.mǽt̪]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χiz.mǽt̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | xiḏmat |
| Dari reading? | xidmat |
| Iranian reading? | xedmat |
| Tajik reading? | xizmat |
Noun
[edit]| Dari | خدمت |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | хизмат |
خِدمَت • (xedmat) (plural خدمات (xadamât))
- service
- خدمت سربازی ― xedmat-e sarbâzi ― military service
- در خدمتتان هستم ― dar xedmat-tân hastam ― I am at your service
- employment, work
Derived terms
[edit](verbs)
- خدمت کردن (xedmat kardan)
(others)
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: xidmət
- → Bengali: খেদমত (khedomot)
- → Ottoman Turkish: خدمت (hidmet), خذمت (hızmet, hizmet)
- Turkish: hizmet
- → Albanian: hyzmet
- → Armenian: խըզմէթ (xəzmētʻ), խըզմա̈թ (xəzmätʻ)
- → Aromanian: huzmeti, huzmete, uzmeti, iuzmeti
- → Bulgarian: хизме́т (hizmét), изме́т (izmét), хюзме́т (hjuzmét)
- → Greek: χοσμέτι (chosméti), χουσμέτι (chousméti)
- → Macedonian: измет (izmet)
- → Romanian: huzmét
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: қызмет (qyzmet)
- → Kyrgyz: кызмат (kızmat)
- → Punjabi: خدمت
- → Uyghur: خىزمەت (xizmet)
- → Uzbek: xizmat
- → Turkmen: hyzmat
References
[edit]- ^ Ela Filippone (2011) “The Language of the Qorʾān-e Qods and its Sistanic Dialectal Background”, in M. Maggi, P. Orsatti, editors, The Persian Language in History[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 179-235:
- The d/z fluctuation in isolated words has already been reported by Meier. What can be inferred from the early written documentation matches fairly well with the modern dialectological data: the word xedmat ‘service’ (← Ar. k̠h̠idmat) has the variants xezmad/xedmad in the Xorāsāni dialect of Birǰand; it is xezma:t in Zāboli (Sistān), xezmat in Mašhadi (Xorāsān), as well as in Davāni, Zarqāni (Fārs), and Daštestāni.
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Borrowed from Classical Persian خِدْمَت (xidmat), borrowed from Arabic خِدْمَة (ḵidma), from خَدَمَ (ḵadama).[1] First attested in c. 1603 as Middle Hindi خدمت (xdmt /xidmat/).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xɪd̪.mət̪/
- Rhymes: -ət̪
- Hyphenation: خِد‧مَت
Noun
[edit]خِدْمَت • (xidmat) f (formal plural خِدْمَات (xidmāt), Hindi spelling ख़िदमत)
- service (ie. help; contribution, typically volunteering)
- Synonym: سیوَا (sevā)
- service; employment (as part of work; job etc.)
- (formal) presence; obedience (ie. in the presence of someone)
- (by extension) discipleship
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | خِدْمَت (xidmat) | خِدْمَتیں (xidmatẽ) |
| oblique | خِدْمَت (xidmat) | خِدْمَتوں (xidmatõ) |
| vocative | خِدْمَت (xidmat) | خِدْمَتو (xidmato) |
Derived terms
[edit]- خِدْمَت کَرْنا (xidmat karnā, “to serve”)
- خِدْمَت گار (xidmat gār)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Platts, John T. (1884) “خدمت”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- ^ “خدمت”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
Further reading
[edit]Categories:
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root خ د م
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Economics
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with collocations
- Persian terms with usage examples
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms inherited from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/ət̪
- Rhymes:Urdu/ət̪/2 syllables
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu formal terms
- Urdu nouns with declension
- Urdu feminine consonant-stem nouns