طارم

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian طارم (târam, “dome; palisade; trellis”), a word of Mongolic origin. According to Meyer, the word derives from Ancient Greek τέραμνον (téramnon, “chamber, house”), but this is less likely. Doublet of تارم (tarem, “nomad's tent of felt”).

Noun

طارم • (tarem)

1. dome, cupola, any structural element resembling the hollow upper half of a sphere

   Synonym: قبه (kubbe)

2. kind of wooden shed or building of a circular form provided with an arched roof

Further reading

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طارم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 790
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “طارم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[2], Vienna, column 3065
• Meyer, Gustav (1893) “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 45
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طارم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1221

Persian

Alternative forms

• تارم (târam)

Etymology

A Mongolic borrowing: compare Middle Mongol [script needed] (terme, “the wooden grate of the walls of a felt tent”), Kalmyk терм (term, “the wall grate of the kibitka”).

The Mongolic term was borrowed into Turkic: Kipchak terma (terme), Turkish tarma, Tatar тирмә (tirmä), Bashkir тирмә (tirmə), Nogai терме (terme), Kazakh терме (terme), Khakas тирме (tirme), Tuvan тербе (terbe).

The following are ultimately from the same source, acquired via Turkic and/or Persian: Arabic طَارِمَة (ṭārima), Egyptian Arabic طارمة (ṭāṛma), Moroccan Arabic طارمة (ṭāṛma), Andalusian Arabic طَارِمَة (ṭaríma) (whence Catalan tarima, Spanish tarima), Middle Armenian թարմայ (tʻarmay), Armenian թառմա (tʻaṙma).

The spelling with a ط (t) was influenced by the Arabic cognates.

Noun

طارم • (târam)

1. wooden building of a circular form with an arched roof, gazebo
2. dome; roof
3. palisade to exclude people from a garden
4. trellis for vine and other climbing plants

Derived terms

• تارمی (târami)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: tarim
• → Turkmen: tärim / тәрим
• → Ottoman Turkish: طارم, تارم
• → Turkish: derim

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 812
• Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § E50, page 175, unaware of the ultimate origin
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “طارم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1963) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 16)‎^[4] (in German), volume I, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1340, pages 337–339
• Littmann, Enno (1954) “Türkisches Sprachgut im Ägyptisch-Arabischen”, in Fritz Meier, editor, Westöstliche Abhandlungen : Rudolf Tschudi zum 70. Geburtstag überreicht von Freunden und Schülern‎^[5], Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, page 120
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “طارم”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 805
• Дыбо, А. В. (2008) “Материальный быт ранних тюрок. Жилище”, in А. В. Дыбо, editor, Природное окружение и материальная культура пратюркских народов. Жилище‎^[6] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 233–236
• Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 503–504