میوه

See also: میوہ and ميوة

Chagatai

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian میوَه (mēwa).

Noun

میوه • (mewä) (plural میوه‌لار)

1. fruit

Descendants

• Uyghur: مېۋە (mëwe)
• Uzbek: meva

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian میوه (mēwa)

Noun

مَیْوَه or مِیوَه • (meyvä or mēvä)

1. fruit

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: meyvə
• Gagauz: meyva, meva
• Ottoman Turkish: میوه (meyve, meyva), մէյվէ (meyve) — Armeno-Turkish
  • Turkish: meyve, (dialectal) meyva
  • → Crimean Tatar: meyva
  • → Serbo-Croatian: mȉva / ми̏ва

Further reading

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “meyve”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• “meyva”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977, pages 317, 172
• Boeschoten, Hendrik (2022), “mēva”, in A Dictionary of Early Middle Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.169), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 193

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• մէյվէ (meyve) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish میوه (meyvä, mēvä), from Classical Persian میوَه (mēwa, “fruit”), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭩𐭥𐭪 (mēwag, “fruit”).

Noun

میوه • (meyve or meyva) (definite accusative میوه‌یی (meyveyi, meyvayı), plural میوه‌لر (meyveler, meyvalar))

1. (botany) fruit, the seed-bearing part of a plant, often edible

   Synonyms: ثمر (semer), یمش (yemiş)

   میوه آغاجندن اوزاق دوشمز ― meyve ağacdan uzak düşmez ― the fruit doesn't fall far from the tree

Derived terms

• آصی میوه (ası meyve, “precocious fruit”)
• اولمش میوه (olmuş meyve, “ripen fruit”)
• كورپه میوه (körpe meyve, “late fruit”)
• میوه آغاجی (meyve ağacı, “fruit tree”)
• میوهٔ دل (meyve-i dil, “one's beloved child”)
• میوه‌جی (meyveci, “fruiterer”)
• میوه‌خانه (meyvehâne, “hothouse”)
• میوه‌خوش (meyvehoş, “nuts”)
• میوه‌دار (meyvedâr, “fructiferous”)
• میوه‌سز (meyvesiz, “fruitless”)
• میوه‌لك (meyvelik, “fruit orchard”)
• میوه‌لو (meyveli, “fructiferous”)
• وقت میوه‌سی (vakt meyvesi, “seasonal fruit”)

Descendants

• Turkish: meyve, (dialectal) meyva
• → Crimean Tatar: meyva
• → Serbo-Croatian: mȉva / ми̏ва

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “میوه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 808
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “meyve”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3188
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “میوه”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 472b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “میوه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1258
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Fructus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 619
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “میوه”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 5080
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “meyve”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “میوه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2057

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭩𐭥𐭪 (mēwag, “fruit”), and within Iranian, related to Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫖𐫏𐫇 (myw /⁠mēw⁠/), Baluchi نیوَگ (nēwag, “fruit”), and Parthian 𐫖𐫏𐫃𐫅 (mygd /⁠miɣẟ⁠/) (whence Old Armenian միրգ (mirg)) and 𐫖𐫏𐫃𐫅𐫃 (mygdg /⁠miɣẟag⁠/, “fruit”).

The term is traditionally derived from Proto-Iranian *madvī- and further from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey, wine, mead”). In an alternative hypothesis, Henning rejects this derivation, instead deriving the proto-form as *migda- and taking it as borrowed from Proto-Semitic *m-g-d- (“fruit”); for this theory, compare Hebrew מֶגֶד (méged, “sweetness; good”). However, the original meaning of the Semitic root does not seem to be "fruit", and none of the Semitic descendants appear to have the meaning of "fruit" attested.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /meː.ˈwa/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [meː.wá]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [meː.wá]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [meː.wá]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [meː.wá]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [miː.vé]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [me.vá]

Readings
Classical reading?	mēwa
Dari reading?	mēwa
Iranian reading?	mive
Tajik reading?	meva

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

میوه • (mēwa / mive) (plural میوه‌جات, or میوه‌ها (mēwa-hā / mive-hâ), Tajik spelling мева)

1. fruit
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3878:

     ز آن نداری میوه‌‌ای مانند بید
     کآبرو بردی پی نان سپید

     z-i ān nadārī mēwa-ē mānand-i bēd
     ki-ābrū burdī pay-i nān-i sapēd.

     Like the willow, thou hast no fruit,
     because thou hast lost thine honour for the sake of white bread.

Derived terms

• آب میوه (āb-i mēwa / âb-e mive)
• میوهٔ جاپانی (mēwa-yi jāpānī / mive-ye jâpâni) (Dari)
• میوه‌فروش (mēwa-furōš / mive-foruš)
• میوه‌فروشی (mēwa-furōšī / mive-foruši)

Descendants

• → Assamese: মেৱা (mewa)
• → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܹܘܵܐ (mēwā)
• → Chagatai: میوه (mywh /⁠mēwä⁠/)
  • Uyghur: مېۋە (mëwe)
  • Uzbek: meva
• → Gujarati: મેવો (mevo)
• → Gulf Arabic: ميوة (mēwa)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: मेवा (mevā)

  Urdu: میوَہ (meva)

• → Kazakh: мәуе (mäue)
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: میوه (mäyvä, mēvä)
  • Azerbaijani: meyvə
  • Gagauz: meyva, meva
  • Ottoman Turkish: میوه (meyve, meyva), մէյվէ (meyve) — Armeno-Turkish
    • Turkish: meyve, (dialectal) meyva
    • → Crimean Tatar: meyva
    • → Serbo-Croatian: mȉva / ми̏ва
• → Turkmen: miwe

See also

• ثمر (samar)
• بار (bâr)