پادشاه

Chagatai

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian

Noun

پادشاه • (pādšāh /pādišāh/)

king, ruler, Padishah

Descendants

Uyghur: پادىشاھ (padishah)
Uzbek: podshoh, podishoh

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

փատիշահ (padişah) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

From Persian (pâdešâh).

Noun

پادشاه • (padişah)

king, Padishah

Descendants

Turkish: padişah
→ Armenian: փատիշահ (pʻatišah), փադիշահ (pʻadišah)
→ Bulgarian: падиша́х (padišáh)
→ Cappadocian Greek: Πατισάχης (Patisáchis)
→ Czech: pádišáh
→ Hungarian: padisah
→ Macedonian: падишах (padišah)
→ Romanian: padișah
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: па̀дишах

Latin script: pàdišah

Persian

Alternative forms

(Classical): پادشا (pādišā,pādšā / pâdešâ, pâdšâ), بادشاه (bādišāh / bâdešâh), پادشه (pādišah / pâdešah)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠLYTA /⁠pādixšā(y)⁠/, “ruler, powerful, authoritative, authorized”), [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾthšʾ), [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾthšʾd), 𐫛𐫀𐫅𐫟𐫢𐫀𐫏 (pʾdxšʾy).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /paː.di.ˈʃaːh/, /paːd.ˈʃaːh/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ːʱ], [pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ːʱ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [pʰɑː.t͡ʃʰɑː], [pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ː], [pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [pʰɔː.d̪i.ʃɔ́ː], [pʰɔːd̪.ʃɔ́ː]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰɒː.d̪e.ʃɒ́ːʰ], [pʰɒːd̪.ʃɒ́ːʰ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰɔ.d̪i.ʃɔ́ʱ], [pʰɔd̪.ʃɔ́ʱ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	pādišāh, pādšāh
Dari reading^?	pādišāh, pādšāh
Iranian reading^?	pâdešâh, pâdšâh
Tajik reading^?	podišoh, podšoh

Audio (Iran): (file)

Noun

پادشاه • (pādišāh, pādšāh / pâdešâh, pâdšâh) (plural پادشاهان (pādišāhān, pādšāhān / pâdešâhân, pâdšâhân), Tajik spelling подишоҳ, or подшоҳ)

king, monarch, sovereign

Usage notes

The variant (bādišāh) with b- was traditionally used in India. The eighteenth-century philogist Ārzū says that this is because (pādišāh) sounded inappropriate in Hindi, probably a reference to Urdu پاد (pād) / Hindi पाद (pād, “fart, flatulence”).
- An exception to this is the Punjabi language, which borrowed the term directly as ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ (pātśāh), as the Punjabi word ਪੱਦ (padda, “fart, flatulence”) lacks a long vowel unlike its Hindustani cognate and thus does not risk overlapping in meaning.

Derived terms

پادشاهی (pādišāhī / pâdešâhi)

Descendants

→ Adyghe: пачъыхь (paĉəḥ), парчъыхь (parĉəḥ) — Shapsug
→ Arabic: بَادْشَاه (bādšāh), بَادِيشَاه (bādīšāh)
→ Azerbaijani:
Latin script: padşah

Cyrillic script: падшаһ

Arabic script: پادشاه
→ Bashkir: батша (batşa), падишаһ (padişah)
→ Chuvash: патша (patša)
→ Crimean Tatar: padişa
→ Gujarati: પાદશાહ (pādśāh), બાદશાહ (bādśāh)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: बादशाह (bādśāh)

Urdu: بادْشاہ (bādśāh)
→? Punjabi: ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ (bādśāh)
→ Italian: padiscià
→ Kabardian: пащтыхь (paśtəḥ)
→ Kazakh: патша (patşa), падишаһ (padişah)
→ Kyrgyz: падыша (padışa)
→ Old Gujarati: पातशाह (pātaśāha)
- Gujarati: પાતશાહ (pātśāh)
→ Ossetian: паддзах (padʒax)
→ Ottoman Turkish: پادشاه (pādišāh), փատիշահ (padişah) — Armeno-Turkish
- Turkish: padişah
- → Armenian: փատիշահ (pʻatišah), փադիշահ (pʻadišah)
- → Bulgarian: падиша́х (padišáh)
- → Cappadocian Greek: Πατισάχης (Patisáchis)
- → Czech: pádišáh
- → Hungarian: padisah
- → Macedonian: падишах (padišah)
- → Romanian: padișah
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: па̀дишах
  Latin script: pàdišah
→ Mazanderani: پاشا (pâšâ)
→ Pashto: باچا (bāčā)
→ Punjabi: ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ (pātśāh)
→ Russian: падиша́х (padišáx)
→ Southern Altai: бача (bača)
→ Tatar: патша (patşa), падишаһ (padişah)
→ Turkmen: patyşa
→ Uyghur: پادىشاھ (padishah)
→ Uzbek: podshoh