گاش

See also: کاش, كأس, کاس, and گاسہٕ

Kashmiri

FWOTD – 29 January 2023

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit काश (kāśa, “visibility, appearance”), from the root काश् (kāś, “to shine, to be visible”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡaːʃ]

Noun

گاش • (gāś) m (Devanagari गाश)

1. light, illumination, radiance, luminosity, lustre

   Synonyms: نوٗر (nūr), روشنی (rōśnī), پرَٛکاش (prakāś)

   Antonyms: گۆٹ (goṭ), اَنہِ گۆٹ (ani goṭ), گَٹہٕ کار (gaṭhụ kār)

   • c. 14th century CE, Lalleshwari, “کَلامِ لَل دؠد [The poetry of Lal Ded]”, in کلامِ شیخ العلم [The poetry of Sheikh-ul-Alam]‎^[1], page 268:

     گۄرٕے ماتا گۄرٕے پِتا
     گۄرٕے اَنہِ نؠترَن گاش

     gọrụy mātā gọrụy pitā
     gọrụy ani nyatran gāś

     The guru is the mother and the guru is the father
     The guru alone brings light to the eyes.

   • 2020 November 24, Bhushan Kaul "Deep", “دٔپِتھ کٲشُر تہٕ کَتھ باتھ [Spoken Kashmiri and conversation]”, in https://koshursabak.blogspot.com:

     [...] مَگَر لَقب اوس آمُت دِنہٕ أمِس بھاسکَر یانہِ سِرؠ‌یِہ یُس گَٹہِ مَنٛز گاش اَنان چھُ۔

     [...] magar laqab ōs āmut dinụ ạmis bhāskar yāni sir'yi yus gaṭi manz gāś anān chu.

     [...] but his title was "Bhaskar", the sun; who brings light to the darkness.

2. daylight

   Antonym: راتھ (rāth)

   • 1998, Somnath Zutshi, یِێلہِ پھۆل گاش-اَفسانہٕ سۆمبرَن [When the light shone-a collection of short stories]‎^[2] (fiction), Jammu: Durga publications, page 43:

     لَرِ پھِرٕنؠ دِوان دِوان آس گاش۔ بیٖب تہِ ؤژھ نێنٛدرِ۔

     lari phirụn' divān divān ās gāś. bīb ti vạċh nendri.

     While tossing and turning on the bed, suddenly, daylight came. The wife also woke up.

3. knowledge, brilliance
   • c. 14th century CE, Nund Rishi, کلامِ شیخ العلم [The poetry of Sheikh-ul-Alam]‎^[3], page 59:

     نَفسَس پَتہٕ لَگُن چھُے أچھ مَنٛز سَرُن
     گاشٕچ وۄمید بٔرزِنہٕ زاہ

     nafsas patụ lagun chuy ạch manz sarun
     gāśục vọmēd bạrzinụ zāh

     To run after the [the knowledge of] self is like putting a blade of grass in one's eye
     Never, ever fill yourself with the hope of [the light of] knowledge

4. literacy
5. sight, eyesight; luminosity, clearness, brightness (of the eye)

   Synonym: أچھَن ہُند گاش (ạchan hund gāś)

Derived terms

• زوٗنہٕ گاش (zūnụgāś, “moonlight”)
• أچھ گاش (ạch gāś, “apple of someone's eye”, literally “eye-light”)
• گاش یُن (gāś yun, “dawn breaking”, literally “light coming”)
• گاش پھۄلُن (gāś phọlun, “rising of the sun, the coming of morning”, literally “light blossoming”)
• گاشہِ برٛٲر (gāśi brạ̄r, “Kolahoi Peak”, literally “goddess of light”)
• گاشہِ برٛور (gāśi brōr, “morning light”, literally “god of light”)
• گاشہِ پھۆتؠ (gāśi phot', “an abundance of light”)
• گاشہِ تارُکھ (gāśi tārukh, “Venus”, literally “star of light”)
• گاشہِ رۆس (gāśi ros)
• گاشُر (gāśur, “luminous”)

References

• S. K. Toshakhani; Mohiuddin Hajni; Prithvi Nath Pushp; Mirza Ghulam Hassan Beg Arif; Ghulam Nabi Gowhar (1968-1980), Kashir Dictionary Vol 5‎^[4] (in Kashmiri), volume 5, Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, page 328
• Grierson, George Abraham (1932), “گاش”, in A dictionary of the Kashmiri language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, page 308
• Elmslie, William Jackson (1872), A Vocabulary of the Kashmírí Language‎^[5], London: Church Missionary House, page 139

Persian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɒːʃ/

Noun

گاش • (gâš)

1. (Sistani) sheep barn