گبر

See also: كثر, كبر, ك ب ر, and ك ث ر

Persian

Etymology 1

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“weave”).

Alternative forms

• گپر (gapr)

Noun

گبر • (gabr)

1. hauberk

Etymology 2

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Aramaic 𐡂𐡁𐡓𐡀 (gaḇrā [gbrʾ], “man; person”), reflected in the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Persian logogram (huzvarishn) GBRA (mard, “man”). The Persian word was probably used in pre-Islamic Persia to refer to some Zoroastrians in Mesopotamia (inhabited by many Aramaeans).

Traditionally has been derived from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “unbeliever”), but that is problematic on phonetic and semantic grounds.

See Shaki in Encyclopædia Iranica for more.

Alternative forms

• گور (gavr) (archaic)
• گاور (gâvor, gâvar) (archaic)

Noun

گبر • (gabr)

1. (archaic, later pejorative) Zoroastrian
2. (archaic) kafir, infidel
   • Attributed to both Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr (967–1049) and Rumi (1207–1273)

     باز آ باز آ هر آنچه هستی باز آ
     گر کافر و گبر و بت‌پرستی باز آ
     این درگه ما درگه نومیدی نیست
     صد بار اگر توبه شکستی باز آ

     Bāz-ā! Bāz-ā! Har ānče hastī bāz-ā!
     Gar kāfir u gabr u but-parastī bāz-ā!
     Īn dargah-i mā dargah-i nōmēdī nēst
     Sad bār agar tawba šikastī, bāz-ā!

     Literal translation:
     Return, return! Whatever thou art, return!
     Whether kafir, infidel, or idolater, return!
     This threshold of ours is not a threshold of despair.
     [Even] if you've broken your repentance a thousand times, return!

Derived terms

• گبری (gabri)
• گبرک (gabrak)
• گبرکی (gabraki)

Descendants

• → French: guèbre
  • → English: gueber, guebre
• → German: Geber

(via the by-form گاور (gâvor))

• → Azerbaijani: gavur
• → Ottoman Turkish: كاور (gâvur)
  • Turkish: gâvur
  • → Armenian: գյավուր (gyavur)
  • → English: giaour
  • → French: giaour
  • → German: Giaur
  • → Hungarian: gyaur
  • → Italian: giaurro
  • → Polish: giaur
  • → Russian: гяу́р (gjaúr)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: ђаур / đaur, каур / kaur

References

• Mansour Shaki (December 15, 2000), "Gabr", in Encyclopædia Iranica, retrieved January 27, 2016
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “گبر”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press, retrieved گاور, page گور
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “mard”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 54
• “gbr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 632, page 50b

See also

• Gabr on Wikipedia.Wikipedia