ܟܪܟܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܟܪܟ݂ܐ

Etymology 1

Root
ܟ ܪ ܟ (k r k)
7 terms

Inherited from Aramaic כַּרְכָא (karḵā), from either Demotic Egyptian grg or the above root; cognate of Hebrew כְּרַךְ (k'rákh) and Coptic ϭⲉⲣϭⲏ (čerčē). The proper noun is a shortening of ܟܲܪܟ݂ܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܬ݂ ܣܠܘܿܩ (karḵā d-bēṯ slōq, “Citadel of the Seleucids”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [karxaː]

Noun

ܟܲܪܟ݂ܵܐ or ܟܪܟ̣ܐ • (karḵā) m (plural ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܹܐ (karḵē))

1. walled city or town, fortress, citadel

   Synonyms: ܚܸܣܢܵܐ (ḥisnā), ܩܲܠܥܵܐ (qalˁā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܟܲܪܟ݂ܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܟܪܲܟ݂ (kraḵ)		1st person	ܟܲܪܟ݂ܝܼ (karḵī)		ܟܲܪܟ݂ܲܢ (karḵan)
	construct	ܟܪܲܟ݂ (kraḵ)		2nd person	ܟܲܪܟ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (karḵōḵ)	ܟܲܪܟ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (karḵāḵ)	ܟܲܪܟ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (karḵawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܲܪܟ݂ܵܐ (karḵā)		3rd person	ܟܲܪܟ݂ܹܗ (karḵēh)	ܟܲܪܟ݂ܵܗ̇ (karḵāh)	ܟܲܪܟ݂ܗܘܿܢ (karḵhōn)
plural	absolute	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܝܼܢ (karḵīn)		1st person	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܝܼ (karḵī)		ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܲܢ (karḵan)
	construct	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܲܝ (karḵay)		2nd person	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (karḵōḵ)	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (karḵāḵ)	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (karḵawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܹܐ (karḵē)		3rd person	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܘܼܗܝ (karḵūh)	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܘܼܗ̇ (karḵōh)	ܟܲܪ̈ܟ݂ܲܝܗܘܿܢ (karḵayhōn)

Proper noun

ܟܲܪܟ݂ܵܐ • (karḵā) f

1. Kirkuk (a historically Assyrian city in northern Iraq, located in the Nineveh Plains and historically the capital of Beth Garmai)

Descendants

• → Arabic: كَرْكُوكْ (karkūk)

Etymology 2

Root
ܟ ܪ ܟ (k r k)
7 terms

Of the noun pattern 1i23ā, from the verb ܟܵܪܹܟ݂ (kārēḵ, “to encircle”) and inherited from Aramaic כִּרְכָּא (kirkā); compare Hebrew כֶּרֶךְ (kérekh) and Akkadian 𒆠𒅕𒆪 (/⁠kirku⁠/, “roll”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈkɪrkɑː]

Noun

ܟܸܪܟܵܐ or ܟ̣ܪܟܐ • (kirkā) m (plural ܟܸܪ̈ܟܹܐ (kirkē))

1. roll; scroll, codex

Inflection

Inflection of ܟܸܪܟܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܟܪܸܟ݂ (kriḵ)		1st person	ܟܸܪܟܝܼ (kirkī)		ܟܸܪܟܲܢ (kirkan)
	construct	ܟܪܸܟ݂ (kriḵ)		2nd person	ܟܸܪܟܘܼܟ݂ (kirkōḵ)	ܟܸܪܟܵܟ݂ܝ (kirkāḵ)	ܟܸܪܟܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kirkawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܸܪܟܵܐ (kirkā)		3rd person	ܟܸܪܟܹܗ (kirkēh)	ܟܸܪܟܵܗ̇ (kirkāh)	ܟܸܪܟܗܘܿܢ (kirkhōn)
plural	absolute	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܝܼܢ (kirḵīn)		1st person	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܝܼ (kirḵī)		ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܲܢ (kirḵan)
	construct	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܲܝ (kirḵay)		2nd person	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (kirḵōḵ)	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (kirḵāḵ)	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kirḵawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܹܐ (kirḵē)		3rd person	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܘܼܗܝ (kirḵūh)	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܘܼܗ̇ (kirḵōh)	ܟܸܪ̈ܟ݂ܲܝܗܘܿܢ (kirḵayhōn)

Etymology 3

Root
ܟ ܪ ܟ (k r k)
7 terms

Active noun of the verb ܟܵܪܹܟ݂ (kārēḵ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [karraːxaː]

Noun

ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܵܐ or ܟ̇ܪܟܐ • (karrāḵā) m (plural ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܹܐ (karrāḵē), feminine ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܬܵܐ (karrāḵtā))

1. agricultural manager

Inflection

Inflection of ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ (karrāḵ)		1st person	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܝܼ (karrāḵī)		ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܲܢ (karrāḵan)
	construct	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ (karrāḵ)		2nd person	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (karrāḵōḵ)	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (karrāḵāḵ)	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (karrāḵawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܵܐ (karrāḵā)		3rd person	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܹܗ (karrāḵēh)	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܵܗ̇ (karrāḵāh)	ܟܲܪܵܟ݂ܗܘܿܢ (karrāḵhōn)
plural	absolute	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܝܼܢ (karrāḵīn)		1st person	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܝܼ (karrāḵī)		ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܲܢ (karrāḵan)
	construct	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܲܝ (karrāḵay)		2nd person	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (karrāḵōḵ)	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (karrāḵāḵ)	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (karrāḵawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܹܐ (karrāḵē)		3rd person	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܘܼܗܝ (karrāḵūh)	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܘܼܗ̇ (karrāḵōh)	ܟܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܲܝܗܘܿܢ (karrāḵayhōn)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Derived from Demotic Egyptian grg or from the root ܟ ܪ ܟ related to encircling. Compare Hebrew כְּרַךְ (kəraḵ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kar(ə)xɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [kar(ə)xe] (plural)

Noun

ܟܪܟܐ • (karəḵā) m (plural ܟܪܟܐ (karəḵē))

1. walled city or town, fortress
2. enclosure

Usage notes

A ܟܪܟܐ (karəḵā) is generally larger than a ܡܚܘܙܐ (māḥōzā).

Inflection

Inflection of ܟܪܟܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܟܪܟ		1st person	ܟܪܟܝ		ܟܪܟܢ
	construct	ܟܪܟ		2nd person	ܟܪܟܟ	ܟܪܟܟܝ	ܟܪܟܟܘܢ	ܟܪܟܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܟܪܟܐ		3rd person	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܗܘܢ	ܟܪܟܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܟܪܟܝܢ		1st person	ܟܪܟܝ		ܟܪܟܝܢ
	construct	ܟܪܟܝ		2nd person	ܟܪܟܝܟ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝ	ܟܪܟܝܟܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܟܪܟܐ		3rd person	ܟܪܟܘܗܝ	ܟܪܟܝܗ	ܟܪܟܝܗܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

• → Old French: crac
  • French: krak

Etymology 2

From the root ܟ ܪ ܟ related to encircling. Compare Hebrew כֶּרֶךְ (kéreḵ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɛrkɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [kɛrke] (plural)

Noun

ܟܪܟܐ • (kerkā) m (plural ܟܪܟܐ (kerkē))

1. roll
2. scroll, codex
3. book, tome, volume
4. sphere
5. eddy

Inflection

Inflection of ܟܪܟܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܟܪܟ		1st person	ܟܪܟܝ		ܟܪܟܢ
	construct	ܟܪܟ		2nd person	ܟܪܟܟ	ܟܪܟܟܝ	ܟܪܟܟܘܢ	ܟܪܟܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܟܪܟܐ		3rd person	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܗܘܢ	ܟܪܟܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܟܪܟܝܢ		1st person	ܟܪܟܝ		ܟܪܟܝܢ
	construct	ܟܪܟܝ		2nd person	ܟܪܟܝܟ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝ	ܟܪܟܝܟܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܟܪܟܐ		3rd person	ܟܪܟܘܗܝ	ܟܪܟܝܗ	ܟܪܟܝܗܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

From the root ܟ ܪ ܟ related to encircling. Compare Akkadian 𒆠𒅕𒆪 (/⁠kirku⁠/, “roll”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic כְּרָכָא (kərāḵā, “large mat”). Doubtfully connected in the sense “woof” to Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [k(ə)rɑxɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [k(ə)rɑxe] (plural)

Noun

ܟܪܟܐ • (kərāḵā) m (plural ܟܪܟܐ (kərāḵē))

1. circuit, course
2. revolving, revolution
3. (astronomy) orbit
4. bindweed
5. woof, weft

Inflection

Inflection of ܟܪܟܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܟܪܟ		1st person	ܟܪܟܝ		ܟܪܟܢ
	construct	ܟܪܟ		2nd person	ܟܪܟܟ	ܟܪܟܟܝ	ܟܪܟܟܘܢ	ܟܪܟܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܟܪܟܐ		3rd person	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܗܘܢ	ܟܪܟܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܟܪܟܝܢ		1st person	ܟܪܟܝ		ܟܪܟܝܢ
	construct	ܟܪܟܝ		2nd person	ܟܪܟܝܟ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝ	ܟܪܟܝܟܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܟܪܟܐ		3rd person	ܟܪܟܘܗܝ	ܟܪܟܝܗ	ܟܪܟܝܗܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܗܝܢ

References

• “krk”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “krk²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “krk³”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 162b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 227b
• Peust, Carsten (2010), Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten (Göttinger Miszellen. Beihefte; 8)‎^[1] (in German), Göttingen, page 43
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 654a–b