grg

See also: GRG

Translingual

Symbol

grg

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Madi.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Madi terms

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼalkʼVw/ → /ˈkʼalkʼVw/ → /ˈkʼalkʼə/ → /ˈkʼalkʼ/

• (noun): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼalkʼVw/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (noun): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼalkʼVw/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (noun): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼalkʼə/
• (noun): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼalkʼ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛrɛɡ/
  • Conventional anglicization: gereg

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to set in order or prepare (the earth by working it)
2. (transitive) to set up, to found, to construct
   • 17th Dynasty, The Autobiography of Admiral Ahmose: Part I:

     ḫr m ḫt grg.n.j pr […]

     Then later, I set up the household […]

3. (transitive) to furnish, to equip

Inflection

Conjugation of grg (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: grg, geminated stem: grgg

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural grg grgw, grg grgt grg grg ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 grg ḥr grg m grg r grg suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect grg.n grgw, grg consecutive grg.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative grgt perfective3 grg active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 grg.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective grg active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 grg grgg potentialis1 grg.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive grg active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect grg.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective grg active + .tj1, .tw2 grg grg, grgw5, grgy5 imperfective grg, grgy, grgw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 grg, grgj6, grgy6 grg, grgw5 prospective grg, grgtj7 — grgtj4, grgt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of grg  

grg

Derived terms

• grg pr
• grgt

Noun

 m

1. lie, falsehood [since the end of the Old Kingdom]

   Synonym: jzft

   Antonym: mꜣꜥt

   • c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) column 6, line 24:

     nj rḫ.n.tw mꜣꜥt r grg

     One cannot distinguish truth from falsehood.

2. unjust, unfair, or wrong way of thinking
3. injustice

Inflection

Declension of grg (masculine)

singular	grg
dual	grgwj
plural	grgw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of grg  

grg	gng	grg	grk	grg
[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]
	rare

Descendants

• Demotic: glk
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (cal)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (cal)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (cal)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲟⲗ (col)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 215.