अलंकार

Hindi

Alternative forms

• अलङ्कार (alaṅkār)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अलंकार (alaṃkāra). By surface analysis, अलम् (alam) +‎ कार (kār).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ə.ləŋ.kɑːɾ/, [ɐ.lɐ̃ŋ.käːɾ]

Noun

अलंकार • (alaṅkār) m (Urdu spelling النکار)

1. ornament, adornment, embellishment, decoration

   Synonym: सजावट (sajāvaṭ)

2. (rhetoric) an ornament of sound or sense

Declension

Declension of अलंकार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अलंकार alaṅkār	अलंकार alaṅkār
oblique	अलंकार alaṅkār	अलंकारों alaṅkārõ
vocative	अलंकार alaṅkār	अलंकारो alaṅkāro

Related terms

• अलंकृत (alaṅkŕt)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “अलंकार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884), “अलंकार”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• अलङ्कार (alaṅkāra)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অলংকাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬮᬂᬓᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• অলংকার (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰩𑰽𑰎𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• အလံကာရ (Burmese script)
• અલંકાર (Gujarati script)
• ਅਲਂਕਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌲𑌂𑌕𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦭꦁꦏꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂪𑂁𑂍𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಲಂಕಾರ (Kannada script)
• អលំការ (Khmer script)
• ອລໍກາຣ (Lao script)
• അലംകാര (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᢀ᠋ᠯᠠᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘩𑘽𑘎𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠠ᠋ᢀ᠋ᠯᠠᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧉𑧞𑦮𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐮𑑄𑐎𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଅଲଂକାର (Odia script)
• ꢂꢭꢀꢒꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆬𑆁𑆑𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖩𑖽𑖎𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• අලංකාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩽𑪖𑩜𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚥𑚫𑚊𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• அலஂகார (Tamil script)
• అలంకార (Telugu script)
• อลํการ (Thai script)
• ཨ་ལཾ་ཀཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒪𑓀𑒏𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨬𑨸𑨋𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root अलंकृ (alaṃkṛ), equal to अलम् (alam) +‎ कार (kāra).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ.lɐŋ.kɑː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐ.l̪ɐŋ.kɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

अलंकार • (alaṃkāra) stem, m

1. the act of decorating
2. ornament, decoration
3. (rhetoric) an ornament of the sense or the sound, of which there are 2 types - śabdālaṃkāra(sound) and arthālaṃkāra (sense)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अलंकार

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अलंकारः (alaṃkāraḥ)	अलंकारौ (alaṃkārau) अलंकारा¹ (alaṃkārā¹)	अलंकाराः (alaṃkārāḥ) अलंकारासः¹ (alaṃkārāsaḥ¹)
accusative	अलंकारम् (alaṃkāram)	अलंकारौ (alaṃkārau) अलंकारा¹ (alaṃkārā¹)	अलंकारान् (alaṃkārān)
instrumental	अलंकारेण (alaṃkāreṇa)	अलंकाराभ्याम् (alaṃkārābhyām)	अलंकारैः (alaṃkāraiḥ) अलंकारेभिः¹ (alaṃkārebhiḥ¹)
dative	अलंकाराय (alaṃkārāya)	अलंकाराभ्याम् (alaṃkārābhyām)	अलंकारेभ्यः (alaṃkārebhyaḥ)
ablative	अलंकारात् (alaṃkārāt)	अलंकाराभ्याम् (alaṃkārābhyām)	अलंकारेभ्यः (alaṃkārebhyaḥ)
genitive	अलंकारस्य (alaṃkārasya)	अलंकारयोः (alaṃkārayoḥ)	अलंकाराणाम् (alaṃkārāṇām)
locative	अलंकारे (alaṃkāre)	अलंकारयोः (alaṃkārayoḥ)	अलंकारेषु (alaṃkāreṣu)
vocative	अलंकार (alaṃkāra)	अलंकारौ (alaṃkārau) अलंकारा¹ (alaṃkārā¹)	अलंकाराः (alaṃkārāḥ) अलंकारासः¹ (alaṃkārāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अर्थालंकार (arthālaṃkāra)
• आलंकारिक (ālaṃkārika)
• शब्दालंकार (śabdālaṃkāra)

Descendants

• Pali: alaṃkāra
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀮𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭 (alaṃkāra)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: अलंकार (alaṅkār), अलङ्कार (alaṅkār)

  Urdu: النکار (alaṅkār)

• → Old Javanese: alaṅkara, alĕṅkara, laṅkara, lĕṅkara
  • Javanese: ꦊꦁꦏꦫ (lengkara, “impossible, improbable”)
  • → Balinese: ᬍᬗ᭄ᬓᬭ (lengkara, “sentence”)
• → Malayalam: അലങ്കാരം (alaṅkāraṁ)
• → Odia: ଅଳଙ୍କାର (aḷaṅkāra)
• → Tamil: அலங்காரம் (alaṅkāram)
• → Telugu: అలంకారము (alaṅkāramu), అలంకారం (alaṅkāraṁ)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “अलंकार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 94.