आम्र

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

আম্ৰ (Assamese script)
ᬆᬫ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
আম্র (Bengali script)
𑰁𑰦𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀆𑀫𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
အာမြ (Burmese script)
આમ્ર (Gujarati script)
ਆਮ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌆𑌮𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦴꦩꦿ (Javanese script)
𑂄𑂧𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಆಮ್ರ (Kannada script)
អាម្រ (Khmer script)
ອາມ຺ຣ (Lao script)
ആമ്ര (Malayalam script)
ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘁𑘦𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
ᠠᢗᠮᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦡𑧆𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐁𑐩𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
ଆମ୍ର (Odia script)
ꢃꢪ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆄𑆩𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖁𑖦𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
ආම්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩛𑩴 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚁𑚢𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
ஆம்ர (Tamil script)
ఆమ్ర (Telugu script)
อามฺร (Thai script)
ཨཱ་མྲ (Tibetan script)
𑒂𑒧𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨊𑨢𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂h₃m-ro- (“sour”). Compare अम्ल (amla, “sour”), Proto-Germanic *ampraz (“sour”), Latin amārus (“bitter, sharp tasting”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑːm.ɾɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑːm.ɾɐ/

Noun

आ॒म्र • (āmrá) stem, m

the mango fruit
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
the mango tree, Mangifera indica

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of आ॒म्र
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒म्रः (āmráḥ)	आ॒म्रौ (āmráu) आ॒म्रा¹ (āmrā́¹)	आ॒म्राः (āmrā́ḥ) आ॒म्रासः॑¹ (āmrā́saḥ¹)
accusative	आ॒म्रम् (āmrám)	आ॒म्रौ (āmráu) आ॒म्रा¹ (āmrā́¹)	आ॒म्रान् (āmrā́n)
instrumental	आ॒म्रेण॑ (āmréṇa)	आ॒म्राभ्या॑म् (āmrā́bhyām)	आ॒म्रैः (āmráiḥ) आ॒म्रेभिः॑¹ (āmrébhiḥ¹)
dative	आ॒म्राय॑ (āmrā́ya)	आ॒म्राभ्या॑म् (āmrā́bhyām)	आ॒म्रेभ्यः॑ (āmrébhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒म्रात् (āmrā́t)	आ॒म्राभ्या॑म् (āmrā́bhyām)	आ॒म्रेभ्यः॑ (āmrébhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒म्रस्य॑ (āmrásya)	आ॒म्रयोः॑ (āmráyoḥ)	आ॒म्राणा॑म् (āmrā́ṇām)
locative	आ॒म्रे (āmré)	आ॒म्रयोः॑ (āmráyoḥ)	आ॒म्रेषु॑ (āmréṣu)
vocative	आम्र॑ (ā́mra)	आम्रौ॑ (ā́mrau) आम्रा॑¹ (ā́mrā¹)	आम्राः॑ (ā́mrāḥ) आम्रा॑सः¹ (ā́mrāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
  Arabic script: اَمب (amb)
  
  Devanagari script: अंब (aṃb)
Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
    - Assamese: আম (am)
    - Bengali: আম (am)
    - Bhojpuri:
      Devanagari script: आम (ām)
      
      Kaithi script: 𑂄𑂧 (ām)
    - Chakma: 𑄃𑄟𑄴
    - Odia: ଆମ୍ବ (āmba)
    - Rohingya:
      Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴀𐴝𐴔𐴧 (amm)
      
      Latin script: amm
    - Sylheti: ꠀꠝ (am)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
    - Old Marathi:
      Devanagari script: आंबा (āṃbā)
      
      Modi script: 𑘁𑘽𑘤 (āṃba)
      - Marathi: आंबा (āmbā)
        Iraqi Arabic: عَمْبَة (ʿamba)
        Hebrew: עַמְבָּה (ʿámbā)
        English: amba
    - Konkani:
      Devanagari script: आम्बो (āmbô)
      
      Kannada script: ಆಂಬೊ (āmbô)
      
      Latin script: ambo
    - → Arabic: عَنْبَة (ʕanba), عَنْبَا (ʕanbā)
      - → Middle Armenian: անապ (anap), անպ (anp)
      - → Somali: cámbe
    - → Middle Persian: *anbag
      - Persian: انبه (anbe)
      - Baluchi: ہمب (humb)
      - → Arabic: أَنْبَج (ʔanbaj)
        → Middle Armenian: ամպաճ (ampač), անպաճ (anpač), անապաճ (anapač)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
    - Dogri:
      Devanagari script: अम्ब (amb)
      
      Dogra script: 𑠀𑠢𑠹𑠠 (amba)
    - Hindustani:
      - Hindi: आम (ām)
      - Urdu: آم (ām)
    - Kachchi: આમુ (āmu)
    - Punjabi:
      Gurmukhi script: ਅੰਬ (amba)
      
      Shahmukhi script: اَمْب (amb)
    - Marwari: आंब (āmb)
    - Saurashtra:
      Saurashtra script: ꢂꢀꢨꣁ (aṃbo)
      
      Tamil script: அம்பொ (ambo)
    - Sindhi:
      Arabic script: اَنبُ (ãbu)
      
      Devanagari script: अंबु
    - Khasa Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
      - → Nepali: आँप (ā̃p)
Dhivehi: އަނބު (aᵐbu)
Pali: amba
→ Swahili: embe (an early borrowing from an Indo-Iranian language)
→ Tocharian B: āmpär

References

“आम्र॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 65, column 1.
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “आम्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 041
Monier Williams (1899), “आम्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 147/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 171