आम

See also: आंम, आमा, and आम्

Bhojpuri

Etymology

From Sanskrit आम्र (āmrá).

Noun

आम (ām) m (Kaithi 𑂄𑂧)

1. mango

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɑːm/, [ä̃ːm]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Prakrit अंब n (aṃba, “mango (fruit)”), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba), from Sanskrit आम्र (āmra).

Noun

आम • (ām) m (Urdu spelling آم)

1. mango

Declension

Declension of आम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	आम ām	आम ām
oblique	आम ām	आमों āmõ
vocative	आम ām	आमो āmo

Descendants

• → Dari: آم (ām)
• → Pashto: ام (am)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm). Compare Bengali আম (am), Punjabi ਆਮ (āma).

Adjective

आम • (ām) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling عام)

1. common, everyday

   आम आदमी ― ām ādmī ― common man

2. innocent

Alternative forms

• आम्म (āmm)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Sanskrit आम (āma).

Adjective

आम • (ām) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling آم)

1. raw, uncooked
2. undigested
3. undressed

Old Gujarati

Adverb

आम • (āma)

1. thus

Descendants

• Gujarati: આમ (āma)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• আম (Assamese script)
• ᬆᬫ (Balinese script)
• আম (Bengali script)
• 𑰁𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• အာမ (Burmese script)
• આમ (Gujarati script)
• ਆਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌆𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂄𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಆಮ (Kannada script)
• អាម (Khmer script)
• ອາມ (Lao script)
• ആമ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘁𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦡𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐁𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଆମ (Odia script)
• ꢃꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆄𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖁𑖦 (Siddham script)
• ආම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚁𑚢 (Takri script)
• ஆம (Tamil script)
• ఆమ (Telugu script)
• อาม (Thai script)
• ཨཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃mós (“raw, uncooked”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmós, “raw, crude, uncooked, undressed”), Old Armenian հում (hum, “raw, uncooked”), Old Irish om (“raw, uncooked”), Persian خام (xâm, “crude, raw”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑː.mɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑː.mɐ/

Adjective

आ॒म • (āmá) stem

1. raw, uncooked, unbaked, undressed
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.162.10:

     यदूवध्यमुदरस्यापवाति य आमस्य क्रविषो गन्धो अस्ति ।
     सुकृता तच्छमितारः कृण्वन्तूत मेधं शृतपाकं पचन्तु ॥

     yadūvadhyamudarasyāpavāti ya āmasya kraviṣo gandho asti.
     sukṛtā tacchamitāraḥ kṛṇvantūta medhaṃ śṛtapākaṃ pacantu.

     Undigested food steaming from [the horse's] belly, and any remaining odour of raw flesh,
     This let the immolators set in order and dress the sacrifice with perfect cooking.

2. unripe, immature

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of आ॒म

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒मः (āmáḥ)	आ॒मौ (āmáu) आ॒मा¹ (āmā́¹)	आ॒माः (āmā́ḥ) आ॒मासः॑¹ (āmā́saḥ¹)
accusative	आ॒मम् (āmám)	आ॒मौ (āmáu) आ॒मा¹ (āmā́¹)	आ॒मान् (āmā́n)
instrumental	आ॒मेन॑ (āména)	आ॒माभ्या॑म् (āmā́bhyām)	आ॒मैः (āmáiḥ) आ॒मेभिः॑¹ (āmébhiḥ¹)
dative	आ॒माय॑ (āmā́ya)	आ॒माभ्या॑म् (āmā́bhyām)	आ॒मेभ्यः॑ (āmébhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒मात् (āmā́t)	आ॒माभ्या॑म् (āmā́bhyām)	आ॒मेभ्यः॑ (āmébhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒मस्य॑ (āmásya)	आ॒मयोः॑ (āmáyoḥ)	आ॒माना॑म् (āmā́nām)
locative	आ॒मे (āmé)	आ॒मयोः॑ (āmáyoḥ)	आ॒मेषु॑ (āméṣu)
vocative	आम॑ (ā́ma)	आमौ॑ (ā́mau) आमा॑¹ (ā́mā¹)	आमाः॑ (ā́māḥ) आमा॑सः¹ (ā́māsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of आ॒मा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒मा (āmā́)	आ॒मे (āmé)	आ॒माः (āmā́ḥ)
accusative	आ॒माम् (āmā́m)	आ॒मे (āmé)	आ॒माः (āmā́ḥ)
instrumental	आ॒मया॑ (āmáyā) आ॒मा¹ (āmā́¹)	आ॒माभ्या॑म् (āmā́bhyām)	आ॒माभिः॑ (āmā́bhiḥ)
dative	आ॒मायै॑ (āmā́yai)	आ॒माभ्या॑म् (āmā́bhyām)	आ॒माभ्यः॑ (āmā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒मायाः॑ (āmā́yāḥ) आ॒मायै॑² (āmā́yai²)	आ॒माभ्या॑म् (āmā́bhyām)	आ॒माभ्यः॑ (āmā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒मायाः॑ (āmā́yāḥ) आ॒मायै॑² (āmā́yai²)	आ॒मयोः॑ (āmáyoḥ)	आ॒माना॑म् (āmā́nām)
locative	आ॒माया॑म् (āmā́yām)	आ॒मयोः॑ (āmáyoḥ)	आ॒मासु॑ (āmā́su)
vocative	आमे॑ (ā́me)	आमे॑ (ā́me)	आमाः॑ (ā́māḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of आ॒म

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒मम् (āmám)	आ॒मे (āmé)	आ॒मानि॑ (āmā́ni) आ॒मा¹ (āmā́¹)
accusative	आ॒मम् (āmám)	आ॒मे (āmé)	आ॒मानि॑ (āmā́ni) आ॒मा¹ (āmā́¹)
instrumental	आ॒मेन॑ (āména)	आ॒माभ्या॑म् (āmā́bhyām)	आ॒मैः (āmáiḥ) आ॒मेभिः॑¹ (āmébhiḥ¹)
dative	आ॒माय॑ (āmā́ya)	आ॒माभ्या॑म् (āmā́bhyām)	आ॒मेभ्यः॑ (āmébhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒मात् (āmā́t)	आ॒माभ्या॑म् (āmā́bhyām)	आ॒मेभ्यः॑ (āmébhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒मस्य॑ (āmásya)	आ॒मयोः॑ (āmáyoḥ)	आ॒माना॑म् (āmā́nām)
locative	आ॒मे (āmé)	आ॒मयोः॑ (āmáyoḥ)	आ॒मेषु॑ (āméṣu)
vocative	आम॑ (ā́ma)	आमे॑ (ā́me)	आमा॑नि (ā́māni) आमा॑¹ (ā́mā¹)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “आम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 146/1-2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 170
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University