आम

See also: आंम, आमा, and आम्

Bhojpuri

Etymology

From Sanskrit आम्र (āmrá).

Noun

आम (ām) m (Kaithi 𑂄𑂧)

1. mango

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɑːm/, [ä̃ːm]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Prakrit अंब n (aṃba, “mango (fruit)”), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba), from Sanskrit आम्र (āmrá).

Noun

आम • (ām) m (Urdu spelling آم)

1. mango

Declension

Declension of आम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	आम ām	आम ām
oblique	आम ām	आमों āmõ
vocative	आम ām	आमो āmo

Descendants

• → Pashto: ام (am)
• → Persian:
  • Dari: آم (ām)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm). Compare Bengali আম (am), Punjabi ਆਮ (ām).

Adjective

आम • (ām) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling عام)

1. common, everyday

   आम आदमी ― ām ādmī ― common man

2. innocent

Alternative forms

• आम्म (āmm)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Sanskrit आम (āmá).

Adjective

आम • (ām) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling آم)

1. raw, uncooked
2. undigested
3. undressed

Old Gujarati

Adverb

आम • (āma)

1. thus

Descendants

• Gujarati: આમ (āma)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• আম (Assamese script)
• ᬆᬫ (Balinese script)
• আম (Bengali script)
• 𑰁𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• အာမ (Burmese script)
• આમ (Gujarati script)
• ਆਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌆𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂄𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಆಮ (Kannada script)
• អាម (Khmer script)
• ອາມ (Lao script)
• ആമ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘁𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦡𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐁𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଆମ (Odia script)
• ꢃꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆄𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖁𑖦 (Siddham script)
• ආම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚁𑚢 (Takri script)
• ஆம (Tamil script)
• ఆమ (Telugu script)
• อาม (Thai script)
• ཨཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃mós (“raw, uncooked”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmós, “raw, crude, uncooked, undressed”), Old Armenian հում (hum, “raw, uncooked”), Old Irish om (“raw, uncooked”), Persian خام (xâm, “crude, raw”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑː.mɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑː.mɐ/

Adjective

आम • (āmá) stem

1. raw, uncooked, unbaked, undressed
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.162.10:

     यदूवध्यमुदरस्यापवाति य आमस्य क्रविषो गन्धो अस्ति ।
     सुकृता तच्छमितारः कृण्वन्तूत मेधं शृतपाकं पचन्तु ॥

     yadūvadhyamudarasyāpavāti ya āmasya kraviṣo gandho asti.
     sukṛtā tacchamitāraḥ kṛṇvantūta medhaṃ śṛtapākaṃ pacantu.

     Undigested food steaming from [the horse's] belly, and any remaining odour of raw flesh,
     This let the immolators set in order and dress the sacrifice with perfect cooking.

2. unripe, immature

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of आम

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आमः (āmáḥ)	आमौ (āmaú) आमा¹ (āmā́¹)	आमाः (āmā́ḥ) आमासः¹ (āmā́saḥ¹)
vocative	आम (ā́ma)	आमौ (ā́mau) आमा¹ (ā́mā¹)	आमाः (ā́māḥ) आमासः¹ (ā́māsaḥ¹)
accusative	आमम् (āmám)	आमौ (āmaú) आमा¹ (āmā́¹)	आमान् (āmā́n)
instrumental	आमेन (āména)	आमाभ्याम् (āmā́bhyām)	आमैः (āmaíḥ) आमेभिः¹ (āmébhiḥ¹)
dative	आमाय (āmā́ya)	आमाभ्याम् (āmā́bhyām)	आमेभ्यः (āmébhyaḥ)
ablative	आमात् (āmā́t)	आमाभ्याम् (āmā́bhyām)	आमेभ्यः (āmébhyaḥ)
genitive	आमस्य (āmásya)	आमयोः (āmáyoḥ)	आमानाम् (āmā́nām)
locative	आमे (āmé)	आमयोः (āmáyoḥ)	आमेषु (āméṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of आमा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आमा (āmā́)	आमे (āmé)	आमाः (āmā́ḥ)
vocative	आमे (ā́me)	आमे (ā́me)	आमाः (ā́māḥ)
accusative	आमाम् (āmā́m)	आमे (āmé)	आमाः (āmā́ḥ)
instrumental	आमया (āmáyā) आमा¹ (āmā́¹)	आमाभ्याम् (āmā́bhyām)	आमाभिः (āmā́bhiḥ)
dative	आमायै (āmā́yai)	आमाभ्याम् (āmā́bhyām)	आमाभ्यः (āmā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	आमायाः (āmā́yāḥ) आमायै² (āmā́yai²)	आमाभ्याम् (āmā́bhyām)	आमाभ्यः (āmā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	आमायाः (āmā́yāḥ) आमायै² (āmā́yai²)	आमयोः (āmáyoḥ)	आमानाम् (āmā́nām)
locative	आमायाम् (āmā́yām)	आमयोः (āmáyoḥ)	आमासु (āmā́su)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of आम

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आमम् (āmám)	आमे (āmé)	आमानि (āmā́ni) आमा¹ (āmā́¹)
vocative	आम (ā́ma)	आमे (ā́me)	आमानि (ā́māni) आमा¹ (ā́mā¹)
accusative	आमम् (āmám)	आमे (āmé)	आमानि (āmā́ni) आमा¹ (āmā́¹)
instrumental	आमेन (āména)	आमाभ्याम् (āmā́bhyām)	आमैः (āmaíḥ) आमेभिः¹ (āmébhiḥ¹)
dative	आमाय (āmā́ya)	आमाभ्याम् (āmā́bhyām)	आमेभ्यः (āmébhyaḥ)
ablative	आमात् (āmā́t)	आमाभ्याम् (āmā́bhyām)	आमेभ्यः (āmébhyaḥ)
genitive	आमस्य (āmásya)	आमयोः (āmáyoḥ)	आमानाम् (āmā́nām)
locative	आमे (āmé)	आमयोः (āmáyoḥ)	आमेषु (āméṣu)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “आम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 146/1-2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 170
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University