गिरि

See also: गरि, गिरी, गोरा, गोर, गोरी, गुरू, गुरु, and गौर

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš

Sanskrit गि॒रि (girí)lbor.

Hindi गिरि

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गि॒रि (girí).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡɪ.ɾiː/

Noun

गिरि • (giri) m

1. mountain, hill

   Synonym: पहाड़ (pahāṛ)

Declension

Declension of गिरि (masc i-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गिरि giri	गिरि giri
oblique	गिरि giri	गिरियों giriyõ
vocative	गिरि giri	गिरियो giriyo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “गिरि”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 266

Old Awadhi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गिरि (giri).

Noun

गिरि (giri) (𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂱, Perso-Arabic گِر)

1. mountain, hill
   • c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Saṅkaṭmocan Hanumān Aṣṭak:

     बालि की त्रास कपीस बसै गिरि

     bāli kī trāsa kapīsa basai giri

     /bāli kī trās kapīs basai giri/

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• giri (Latin script)
• 𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• গিরি (Bengali script)
• ගිරි (Sinhalese script)
• ဂိရိ or ၷိရိ (Burmese script)
• คิริ (Thai script)
• ᨣᩥᩁᩥ (Tai Tham script)
• ຄິຣິ (Lao script)
• គិរិ (Khmer script)
• 𑄉𑄨𑄢𑄨 (Chakma script)

Noun

गिरि m

1. Devanagari script form of giri (“mountain”)

Declension

Declension table of "गिरि" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	गिरि (giri)	गिरयो (girayo) or गिरी (girī)
Accusative (second)	गिरिं (giriṃ)	गिरयो (girayo) or गिरी (girī)
Instrumental (third)	गिरिना (girinā)	गिरीहि (girīhi) or गिरीभि (girībhi)
Dative (fourth)	गिरिस्स (girissa) or गिरिनो (girino)	गिरीनं (girīnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	गिरिस्मा (girismā) or गिरिम्हा (girimhā)	गिरीहि (girīhi) or गिरीभि (girībhi)
Genitive (sixth)	गिरिस्स (girissa) or गिरिनो (girino)	गिरीनं (girīnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	गिरिस्मिं (girismiṃ) or गिरिम्हि (girimhi)	गिरीसु (girīsu)
Vocative (calling)	गिरि (giri)	गिरयो (girayo) or गिरी (girī)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গিৰি (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬶᬭᬶ (Balinese script)
• গিরি (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰰𑰨𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဂိရိ (Burmese script)
• ગિરિ (Gujarati script)
• ਗਿਰਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑌿𑌰𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦶꦫꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಗಿರಿ (Kannada script)
• គិរិ (Khmer script)
• ຄິຣິ (Lao script)
• ഗിരി (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡳᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘱𑘨𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠢᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧒𑧈𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐶𑐬𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଗିରି (Odia script)
• ꢔꢶꢬꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆴𑆫𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖰𑖨𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ගිරි (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩑𑩼𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚮𑚤𑚮 (Takri script)
• கி³ரி (Tamil script)
• గిరి (Telugu script)
• คิริ (Thai script)
• གི་རི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒱𑒩𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨁𑨫𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš (“mountain”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-í-s (“elevation”), from *gʷerH- (“to elevate”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (gaⁱri, “mountain”), Pashto غر (ǧar), Old Church Slavonic гора (gora, “mountain”), Ancient Greek Βορέας (Boréas), Albanian gur.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡi.ɾí/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡi.ɾi/

Noun

गि॒रि • (girí) stem, m

1. mountain, hill, elevation, rising ground
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.24.8.2:

     अज्रा॒ इन्द्र॑स्य गि॒रय॑श् चिद् ऋ॒ष्वा ग॑म्भी॒रे चि॑द् भवति गा॒धम् अ॑स्मै ॥

     ájrā índrasya giráyaś cid ṛṣvā́ gambhīré cid bhavati gādhám asmai.

     High mountains are like level plains to Indra: even in the deep he finds firm ground to rest on.

2. a huge rock
3. an honorific title given to sannyasins

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of गि॒रि

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गि॒रिः (giríḥ)	गि॒री (girī́)	गि॒रयः॑ (giráyaḥ)
accusative	गि॒रिम् (girím)	गि॒री (girī́)	गि॒रीन् (girī́n)
instrumental	गि॒रिणा॑ (giríṇā) गि॒र्या¹ (giryā́¹)	गि॒रिभ्या॑म् (giríbhyām)	गि॒रिभिः॑ (giríbhiḥ)
dative	गि॒रये॑ (giráye)	गि॒रिभ्या॑म् (giríbhyām)	गि॒रिभ्यः॑ (giríbhyaḥ)
ablative	गि॒रेः (giréḥ) गि॒र्यः¹ (giryáḥ¹)	गि॒रिभ्या॑म् (giríbhyām)	गि॒रिभ्यः॑ (giríbhyaḥ)
genitive	गि॒रेः (giréḥ) गि॒र्यः¹ (giryáḥ¹)	गि॒र्योः (giryóḥ)	गि॒री॒णाम् (girīṇā́m)
locative	गि॒रौ (giráu) गि॒रा¹ (girā́¹)	गि॒र्योः (giryóḥ)	गि॒रिषु॑ (giríṣu)
vocative	गिरे॑ (gíre)	गिरी॑ (gírī)	गिर॑यः (gírayaḥ)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• गिरीश (girīśa)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Khowar: گری (grī)
  • Shina: گر (giri)
    • → Domaaki: گیر (gīri)
• Pali: giri
• Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (giri)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ގާ (gā)
      • Sinhalese: ගිරි (giri), ගිර (gira), ගල (gala)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (giri)
• → Old Awadhi: (learned)

  Arabic script: گِر (gr)

  Devanagari script: गिरि (giri)

  Kaithi script: 𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂱 (giri)

• → Old Javanese: giri
• → Kannada: ಗಿರಿ (giri) (learned)
• → Malay: giri (learned)
• → Telugu: గిరి (giri) (learned)
• → Thai: คิริ (kí-rí) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “गिरि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 355, column 2.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “गिरि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “girí-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 487
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “giri”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 223

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-í-s (“husband's sister”). Cognate with Armenian տալ (tal), Ancient Greek γάλως (gálōs), Latin glōs, Proto-Slavic *zъly.
However, the attestation of this meaning (instead of "mountain") is contested by Griffiths & Lubotsky (2009).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡi.ɾi/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡi.ɾi/

Noun

गिरि • (giri) stem, f

1. sister-in-law (husband's sister)

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of गिरि

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गिरिः (giriḥ)	गिरी (girī)	गिरयः (girayaḥ)
accusative	गिरिम् (girim)	गिरी (girī)	गिरीः (girīḥ)
instrumental	गिर्या (giryā) गिरी¹ (girī¹)	गिरिभ्याम् (giribhyām)	गिरिभिः (giribhiḥ)
dative	गिरये (giraye) गिर्यै² (giryai²) गिरी¹ (girī¹)	गिरिभ्याम् (giribhyām)	गिरिभ्यः (giribhyaḥ)
ablative	गिरेः (gireḥ) गिर्याः² (giryāḥ²) गिर्यै³ (giryai³)	गिरिभ्याम् (giribhyām)	गिरिभ्यः (giribhyaḥ)
genitive	गिरेः (gireḥ) गिर्याः² (giryāḥ²) गिर्यै³ (giryai³)	गिर्योः (giryoḥ)	गिरीणाम् (girīṇām)
locative	गिरौ (girau) गिर्याम्² (giryām²) गिरा¹ (girā¹)	गिर्योः (giryoḥ)	गिरिषु (giriṣu)
vocative	गिरे (gire)	गिरी (girī)	गिरयः (girayaḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Later Sanskrit
• ³Brāhmaṇas

References

• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “giri-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 487-8
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “giri- [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 213-4
• Griffiths, A. & Lubotsky, A. (2009). "Two Words for 'sister-in-law'?: Notes on Vedic yātar- and giri-." in Zarathushtra entre l'Inde et l'Iran, pages 115-121

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

गि॒रि • (girí) f

1. locative singular of गिर् (gír, “praise”)