जयति

Sanskrit

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́áyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéy-e-ti, from *gʷey- (“to win, conquer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βῐ́ᾱ (bíā, “force”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ́.jɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

जयति • (jáyati) third-singular present indicative (root जि, class 1, type P, present)

1. to conquer, defeat, vanquish, win
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.50.9:

     अप्रतीतो जयति सं धनानि प्रतिजन्यान्युत या सजन्या ।
     अवस्यवे यो वरिवः कृणोति ब्रह्मणे राजा तमवन्ति देवाः ॥

     apratīto jayati saṃ dhanāni pratijanyānyuta yā sajanyā.
     avasyave yo varivaḥ kṛṇoti brahmaṇe rājā tamavanti devāḥ.

     He, unopposed, is master of the riches of his own subjects and of hostile people.
     The Gods uphold that King with their protection who helps the Brahman when he seeks his favour.

2. to acquire, gain
3. to overcome
4. to expel from
5. "long live"

Inflection

Present thematic conjugation of जयति

Active voice Present Imperfect Imperative Optative Active voice Present Imperfect Imperative Optative 1st singular जयामि अजयम् जयानि जयेयम् 2nd singular जयसि अजयः जय जयेः 3rd singular जयति अजयत् जयतु जयेत् 1st dual जयावः अजयाव जयाव जयेव​ 2nd dual जयथः अजयतम् जयतम् जयेतम् 3rd dual जयतः अजयताम् जयताम् जयेताम् 1st plural जयामः अजयाम जयाम जयेम​ 2nd plural जयथ​ अजयत​ जयत​ जयेत​ 3rd plural जयन्ति अजयन् जयन्तु जयेयुः Participle जयन् Middle voice Present Imperfect Imperative Optative Middle voice Present Imperfect Imperative Optative 1st singular जये अजये जयै जयेय​ 2nd singular जयसे अजयथाः जयस्व​ जयेथाः 3rd singular जयते अजयत​ जयताम् जयेत​ 1st dual जयावहे अजयावहि जयावहै जयेवहि 2nd dual जयेथे अजयेथाम् जयेथाम् जयेयाथाम् 3rd dual जयेते अजयेताम् जयेताम् जयेयाताम् 1st plural जयामहे अजयामहि जयामहै जयेमहि 2nd plural जयध्वे अजयध्वम् जयध्वम् जयेध्वम् 3rd plural जयन्ते अजयन्त​ जयन्ताम् जयेरन् Participle जयमानः

Perfect conjugation of जयति

Active Middle Active Middle 1st singular जिगय (jigaya​)/जिगाय (jigāya​) जिग्ये (jigye) 2nd singular जिगयिथ (jigayitha​) जिग्यिषे (jigyiṣe) 3rd singular जिगाय (jigāya​) जिग्ये (jigye) 1st dual जिग्यिव (jigyiva) जिग्यिवहे (jigyivahe) 2nd dual जिग्यथुः (jigyathuḥ) जिग्याथे (jigyāthe) 3rd dual जिग्यतुः (jigyatuḥ) जिग्याते (jigyāte) 1st plural जिग्यिम (jigyima) जिग्यिमहे (jigyimahe) 2nd plural जिग्य (jigya)​ जिग्यिध्वे (jigyidhve) 3rd plural जिग्युः (jigyuḥ) जिग्यिरे (jigyire) Participle जिग्यिवान् (jigyivān) जिग्यानः (jigyānaḥ)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “जयति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 420.