तर्क

See also: तर्कु, तेरेको, तुर्की, तैराकी, तरीक़ा, तारक, and तर्का

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit तर्क (tarka).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /t̪əɾk/, [t̪ɐɾk]

Noun

तर्क • (tark) m

1. an argument, reasoning

   Antonym: वितर्क (vitark)

2. logic

   उसके सोच में कोई तर्क है ही नहीं।

   uske soc mẽ koī tark hai hī nahī̃.

   There is no logic in his thoughts.

Declension

Declension of तर्क (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	तर्क tark	तर्क tark
oblique	तर्क tark	तर्कों tarkõ
vocative	तर्क tark	तर्को tarko

Derived terms

• ततर्क सिद्ध (tatark siddh)
• ततर्कशास्त्र-संबंधी (tatarkaśāstra-sambandhī)
• तर्क विद्या विषयक (tark vidyā viṣyak)
• तर्क-वितर्क (tark-vitark)
• तर्कसंगत (tarkasaṅgat)
• तर्कहीन (tarkahīn)
• तर्तर्कसम्मत (tartarkasammat)
• तर्तर्कसिद्ध (tartarkasiddh)
• तार्किक (tārkik)
• वितर्क (vitark, “counterargument”)
• सतर्क (satark)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “तर्क”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• তৰ্ক (Assamese script)
• ᬢᬃᬓ (Balinese script)
• তর্ক (Bengali script)
• 𑰝𑰨𑰿𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀢𑀭𑁆𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• တရ်္က (Burmese script)
• તર્ક (Gujarati script)
• ਤਰ੍ਕ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌤𑌰𑍍𑌕 (Grantha script)
• ꦠꦂꦏ (Javanese script)
• 𑂞𑂩𑂹𑂍 (Kaithi script)
• ತರ್ಕ (Kannada script)
• តក៌ (Khmer script)
• ຕຣ຺ກ (Lao script)
• തര്ക (Malayalam script)
• ᢠᠠᡵᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘝𑘨𑘿𑘎 (Modi script)
• ᢐᠠᠷᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦽𑧈𑧠𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐟𑐬𑑂𑐎 (Newa script)
• ତର୍କ (Odia script)
• ꢡꢬ꣄ꢒ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆠𑆫𑇀𑆑 (Sharada script)
• 𑖝𑖨𑖿𑖎 (Siddham script)
• තර්‍ක (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩫𑩼 𑪙𑩜 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚙𑚤𑚶𑚊 (Takri script)
• தர்க (Tamil script)
• తర్క (Telugu script)
• ตรฺก (Thai script)
• ཏ་རྐ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒞𑒩𑓂𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨙𑨫𑩇𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ-der.

Sanskrit तर्क

From Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”). Cognate with Latin torqueō (“to twist”), Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tarúzi), Old Church Slavonic тракъ (trakŭ), Tocharian B tärk-, and possibly Ancient Greek τρέπω (trépō). Related to तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɐɾ.kɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɐɾ.kɐ/

Noun

त॒र्क • (tarká) stem, m

1. conjecture
2. reasoning, speculation, inquiry
3. doubt
4. system or doctrine founded on speculation or reasoning, philosophical system (especially the Nyāya system, but applicable also to any of the six Darśana)
5. logic, confutation (especially that kind of argument which consists in reduction to absurdity)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of त॒र्क

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त॒र्कः (tarkáḥ)	त॒र्कौ (tarkáu) त॒र्का¹ (tarkā́¹)	त॒र्काः (tarkā́ḥ) त॒र्कासः॑¹ (tarkā́saḥ¹)
accusative	त॒र्कम् (tarkám)	त॒र्कौ (tarkáu) त॒र्का¹ (tarkā́¹)	त॒र्कान् (tarkā́n)
instrumental	त॒र्केण॑ (tarkéṇa)	त॒र्काभ्या॑म् (tarkā́bhyām)	त॒र्कैः (tarkáiḥ) त॒र्केभिः॑¹ (tarkébhiḥ¹)
dative	त॒र्काय॑ (tarkā́ya)	त॒र्काभ्या॑म् (tarkā́bhyām)	त॒र्केभ्यः॑ (tarkébhyaḥ)
ablative	त॒र्कात् (tarkā́t)	त॒र्काभ्या॑म् (tarkā́bhyām)	त॒र्केभ्यः॑ (tarkébhyaḥ)
genitive	त॒र्कस्य॑ (tarkásya)	त॒र्कयोः॑ (tarkáyoḥ)	त॒र्काणा॑म् (tarkā́ṇām)
locative	त॒र्के (tarké)	त॒र्कयोः॑ (tarkáyoḥ)	त॒र्केषु॑ (tarkéṣu)
vocative	तर्क॑ (tárka)	तर्कौ॑ (tárkau) तर्का॑¹ (tárkā¹)	तर्काः॑ (tárkāḥ) तर्का॑सः¹ (tárkāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• तर्कयति (tarkayati)

Related terms

• अतर्क (a-tarka)
• कुतर्क (ku-tarka)
• दुस्तर्क (dus-tarka)
• रूपतर्क (rūpa-tarka)

Descendants

• → Malayalam: തർക്കം (taṟkkaṁ)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਤੱਕ (takka)

See also

• न्यायम् (nyāyam)

Noun

त॒र्क • (tarká) stem, n

1. a philosophical system

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of त॒र्क

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त॒र्कम् (tarkám)	त॒र्के (tarké)	त॒र्काणि॑ (tarkā́ṇi) त॒र्का¹ (tarkā́¹)
accusative	त॒र्कम् (tarkám)	त॒र्के (tarké)	त॒र्काणि॑ (tarkā́ṇi) त॒र्का¹ (tarkā́¹)
instrumental	त॒र्केण॑ (tarkéṇa)	त॒र्काभ्या॑म् (tarkā́bhyām)	त॒र्कैः (tarkáiḥ) त॒र्केभिः॑¹ (tarkébhiḥ¹)
dative	त॒र्काय॑ (tarkā́ya)	त॒र्काभ्या॑म् (tarkā́bhyām)	त॒र्केभ्यः॑ (tarkébhyaḥ)
ablative	त॒र्कात् (tarkā́t)	त॒र्काभ्या॑म् (tarkā́bhyām)	त॒र्केभ्यः॑ (tarkébhyaḥ)
genitive	त॒र्कस्य॑ (tarkásya)	त॒र्कयोः॑ (tarkáyoḥ)	त॒र्काणा॑म् (tarkā́ṇām)
locative	त॒र्के (tarké)	त॒र्कयोः॑ (tarkáyoḥ)	त॒र्केषु॑ (tarkéṣu)
vocative	तर्क॑ (tárka)	तर्के॑ (tárke)	तर्का॑णि (tárkāṇi) तर्का॑¹ (tárkā¹)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “तर्क”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 439.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “TARK”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 633