नगर

See also: नांगर

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नगर (nágara). Doublet of -नेर (-ner).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /nə.ɡəɾ/, [n̪ə.ɡəɾ]

Noun

नगर • (nagar) m (Urdu spelling نگر‎)

1. city, town

   तुम किस नगर से आए हो? ― tum kis nagar se āe ho? ― What city do you come from?

   Synonym: शहर (śahar)

Declension

Declension of नगर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	नगर nagar	नगर nagar
oblique	नगर nagar	नगरों nagarõ
vocative	नगर nagar	नगरो nagaro

Marathi

Etymology

From Sanskrit नगर (nágara).

Noun

नगर • (nagar) n

1. city, town

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “नगर”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Nepali

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit नगर (nagara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nʌɡ̞ʌr]
• Phonetic Devanagari: नगर्

Noun

नगर • (nagar)

1. city, town

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nʌ‿ɡʌɾʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: न्a g्aर्a

Verb

नगर • (nagara)

1. inflection of गर्नु (garnu):
   1. stem
   2. second-person mid respect singular negative imperative

Newar

Etymology

From Sanskrit नगर (nagara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nəɡəɾə]

Noun

नगर • (nagara) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐣𑐐𑐬)

1. city, town

Old Gujarati

Etymology

From Sanskrit नगर (nagara).

Noun

नगर • (nagara) n

1. city

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬦᬕᬭ (Balinese script)
• নগৰ (Assamese script)
• নগর (Bengali script)
• 𑰡𑰐𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀦𑀕𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌨𑌗𑌰 (Grantha script)
• નગર (Gujarati script)
• ਨਗਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦤꦒꦫ (Javanese script)
• នគរ (Khmer script)
• ನಗರ (Kannada script)
• ນຄຣ (Lao script)
• നഗര (Malayalam script)
• 𑘡𑘐𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠨᠠᠺᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• ᠨᠠᡤᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• နဂရ (Burmese script)
• 𑧁𑦰𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐣𑐐𑐬 (Newa script)
• ନଗର (Oriya script)
• ꢥꢔꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆤𑆓𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖡𑖐𑖨 (Siddham script)
• නගර (Sinhalese script)
• నగర (Telugu script)
• นคร (Thai script)
• ན་ག་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒢𑒑𑒩 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

Tedesco derives the word from a dissimilating Prakritization of an unattested compound *नृगर (*nṛgará, “gathering of men”), from नृ (nṛ) +‎ *गर (gara). It is likely the ultimate source of similar words in Dravidian; compare Old Tamil 𑀦𑀓𑀭𑁆 (nakar, “house, palace, temple, city”), Telugu నగరు (nagaru, “palace”). Southworth derives the word from Proto-South Dravidian *nakar.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /nɐ́.ɡɐ.ɾɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪ɐ.ɡɐ.ɾɐ/

Noun

नगर • (nágara or nagará) n

1. town, city
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 2.43.4:

     अथ स्म नगरे रामः चरन् भैक्षम् गृहे वसेत् ।
     काम कारः वरम् दातुम् अपि दासम् मम आत्मजम् ॥

     atha sma nagare rāmaḥ caran bhaikṣam gṛhe vaset .
     kāma kāraḥ varam dātum api dāsam mama ātmajam .

     • 2002 translation by K. M. K. Murthy

       Even giving my son to her as a slave would have been better. By that Rama would have at least stayed in the house by doing the work entrusted by her and roaming about in the city, asking alms.

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of नगर (nágara)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	नगरम् nágaram	नगरे nágare	नगराणि / नगरा¹ nágarāṇi / nágarā¹
Vocative	नगर nágara	नगरे nágare	नगराणि / नगरा¹ nágarāṇi / nágarā¹
Accusative	नगरम् nágaram	नगरे nágare	नगराणि / नगरा¹ nágarāṇi / nágarā¹
Instrumental	नगरेण nágareṇa	नगराभ्याम् nágarābhyām	नगरैः / नगरेभिः¹ nágaraiḥ / nágarebhiḥ¹
Dative	नगराय nágarāya	नगराभ्याम् nágarābhyām	नगरेभ्यः nágarebhyaḥ
Ablative	नगरात् nágarāt	नगराभ्याम् nágarābhyām	नगरेभ्यः nágarebhyaḥ
Genitive	नगरस्य nágarasya	नगरयोः nágarayoḥ	नगराणाम् nágarāṇām
Locative	नगरे nágare	नगरयोः nágarayoḥ	नगरेषु nágareṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of नगर (nagará)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	नगरम् nagarám	नगरे nagaré	नगराणि / नगरा¹ nagarā́ṇi / nagarā́¹
Vocative	नगर nágara	नगरे nágare	नगराणि / नगरा¹ nágarāṇi / nágarā¹
Accusative	नगरम् nagarám	नगरे nagaré	नगराणि / नगरा¹ nagarā́ṇi / nagarā́¹
Instrumental	नगरेण nagaréṇa	नगराभ्याम् nagarā́bhyām	नगरैः / नगरेभिः¹ nagaraíḥ / nagarébhiḥ¹
Dative	नगराय nagarā́ya	नगराभ्याम् nagarā́bhyām	नगरेभ्यः nagarébhyaḥ
Ablative	नगरात् nagarā́t	नगराभ्याम् nagarā́bhyām	नगरेभ्यः nagarébhyaḥ
Genitive	नगरस्य nagarásya	नगरयोः nagaráyoḥ	नगराणाम् nagarā́ṇām
Locative	नगरे nagaré	नगरयोः nagaráyoḥ	नगरेषु nagaréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Adjective

नगर • (nágara)

1. urban

Descendants

• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀬𑀭 (ṇayara)
  • Old Gujarati: नयर (nayara)
    • Gujarati: નેર (ner)
  • Hindi: -नेर (-ner)
• → Assamese: নগৰ (nôgôr)
• → Bengali: নগর (nogor)
• → Burmese: နဂိုရ် (na.guir); နဂရ (na.ga.ra.)
• → Dhivehi: ނަގަރު‎ (nagaru)
• → Gujarati: નગર (nagar)
• → Hindi: नगर (nagar)
• → Khmer: នគរ (nɔkɔɔ)
• → Kannada: ನಗರ (nagara)
• → Lao: ນະຄອນ (na khǭn)
• → Lü: ᦓᦅᦸᧃ (nkoan), ᦓᦅᦟ (nkl)
• → Malayalam: നഗരം (nagaraṃ)
• → Malay: negara (نݢارا)
  • Indonesian: negara
    • → English: negara
• → Marathi: नगर (nagar)
• → Middle Khmer: [Term?] (“ʼaṅgara”)
  • Khmer: អង្គរ (ʼɑngkɔɔ)
• → Nepali: नगर (nagar)
• → Newar: नगर (nagara)
• → Old Gujarati: नगर (nagara)
• → Old Javanese: nagara
  • Javanese: ꦤꦒꦫ (nagara) → ꦤꦼꦒꦫ (negara)
  • → Balinese: ᬦᬵᬕᬭ → ᬦᭂᬕᬭ
• → Old Tamil: 𑀦𑀓𑀭𑁆 (nakar)
  • Tamil: நகர் (nakar)
• Pali: nagara
• → Sinhalese: නගරය (nagaraya)
• → Tamil: நகரம் (nakaram)
• → Telugu: నగరము (nagaramu)
• → Thai: นคร (ná-kɔɔn)
• → Urdu: نگر‎ (nagar)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “नगर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 525.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “nágara-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 5