पागल

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀧𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀮 (paggala). Compare Assamese পগলা (pogola), Bengali পাগল (pagol), Odia ପାଗଳ (pāgaḷa), Marathi पागल (pāgal).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ɡəl/, [päː.ɡɐl]
• Rhymes: -əl

Adjective

पागल • (pāgal) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پاگل)

1. mad
2. insane
3. crazy

   Synonym: सनकी (sankī)

4. demented
5. nuts
6. daft
7. moonstruck
8. frantic
9. loco
10. possessed

Noun

पागल • (pāgal) m (female equivalent पगली, Urdu spelling پاگل)

1. madman
2. lunatic

Declension

Declension of पागल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पागल pāgal	पागल pāgal
oblique	पागल pāgal	पागलों pāgalõ
vocative	पागल pāgal	पागलो pāgalo

Derived terms

• पागलख़ाना (pāgalxānā)

Descendants

• → Punjabi: pāgal

  Gurmukhi script: ਪਾਗਲ

  Shahmukhi script: پاگل

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “paggala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

From Maharastri Prakrit 𑀧𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀮 (paggala).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa.ɡəl/
• Hyphenation: पा‧गल
• Rhymes: -əl

Adjective

पागल • (pāgal) (indeclinable) (uncommon)

1. mad, nuts, crazy, insane

   Synonyms: वेडे (veḍe), खुळा (khuḷā), बावळा (bāvḷā), विक्षिप्त (vikṣipta)

2. (figurative) intensely obsessed or passionate

References

• “पागल”, in अमरकोश मराठी शब्दकोश [Amarkosh Marathi Dictionary], 2014
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “पागल”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পাগল (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬵᬕᬮ (Balinese script)
• পাগল (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰯𑰐𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀸𑀕𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• ပါဂလ (Burmese script)
• પાગલ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਾਗਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌾𑌗𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦴꦒꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂰𑂏𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಾಗಲ (Kannada script)
• បាគល (Khmer script)
• ປາຄລ (Lao script)
• പാഗല (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘰𑘐𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᢗᠺᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧑𑦰𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐵𑐐𑐮 (Newa script)
• ପାଗଲ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢵꢔꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆳𑆓𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖯𑖐𑖩 (Siddham script)
• පාගල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩛𑩞𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚭𑚌𑚥 (Takri script)
• பாக³ல (Tamil script)
• పాగల (Telugu script)
• ปาคล (Thai script)
• པཱ་ག་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒰𑒑𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨊𑨍𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably a borrowing from a late Middle Indo-Aryan Apabhramsha, ultimately from an earlier Prakrit *𑀧𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀮 (*paggala​), from a substrate. Possibly related to पङ्गु (paṅgu), फक्क (phakka), and Santali [script needed] (pãk, “to bend”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ɡɐ.l̪ɐ/

Adjective

पागल • (pāgala) stem

1. mad, deranged, demented

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पागल

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पागलः (pāgalaḥ)	पागलौ (pāgalau) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)	पागलाः (pāgalāḥ) पागलासः¹ (pāgalāsaḥ¹)
accusative	पागलम् (pāgalam)	पागलौ (pāgalau) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)	पागलान् (pāgalān)
instrumental	पागलेन (pāgalena)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलैः (pāgalaiḥ) पागलेभिः¹ (pāgalebhiḥ¹)
dative	पागलाय (pāgalāya)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलेभ्यः (pāgalebhyaḥ)
ablative	पागलात् (pāgalāt)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलेभ्यः (pāgalebhyaḥ)
genitive	पागलस्य (pāgalasya)	पागलयोः (pāgalayoḥ)	पागलानाम् (pāgalānām)
locative	पागले (pāgale)	पागलयोः (pāgalayoḥ)	पागलेषु (pāgaleṣu)
vocative	पागल (pāgala)	पागलौ (pāgalau) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)	पागलाः (pāgalāḥ) पागलासः¹ (pāgalāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of पागला

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पागला (pāgalā)	पागले (pāgale)	पागलाः (pāgalāḥ)
accusative	पागलाम् (pāgalām)	पागले (pāgale)	पागलाः (pāgalāḥ)
instrumental	पागलया (pāgalayā) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलाभिः (pāgalābhiḥ)
dative	पागलायै (pāgalāyai)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलाभ्यः (pāgalābhyaḥ)
ablative	पागलायाः (pāgalāyāḥ) पागलायै² (pāgalāyai²)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलाभ्यः (pāgalābhyaḥ)
genitive	पागलायाः (pāgalāyāḥ) पागलायै² (pāgalāyai²)	पागलयोः (pāgalayoḥ)	पागलानाम् (pāgalānām)
locative	पागलायाम् (pāgalāyām)	पागलयोः (pāgalayoḥ)	पागलासु (pāgalāsu)
vocative	पागले (pāgale)	पागले (pāgale)	पागलाः (pāgalāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of पागल

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पागलम् (pāgalam)	पागले (pāgale)	पागलानि (pāgalāni) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)
accusative	पागलम् (pāgalam)	पागले (pāgale)	पागलानि (pāgalāni) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)
instrumental	पागलेन (pāgalena)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलैः (pāgalaiḥ) पागलेभिः¹ (pāgalebhiḥ¹)
dative	पागलाय (pāgalāya)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलेभ्यः (pāgalebhyaḥ)
ablative	पागलात् (pāgalāt)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलेभ्यः (pāgalebhyaḥ)
genitive	पागलस्य (pāgalasya)	पागलयोः (pāgalayoḥ)	पागलानाम् (pāgalānām)
locative	पागले (pāgale)	पागलयोः (pāgalayoḥ)	पागलेषु (pāgaleṣu)
vocative	पागल (pāgala)	पागले (pāgale)	पागलानि (pāgalāni) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

पागल • (pāgala) stem, m

1. a particular mixed caste

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पागल

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पागलः (pāgalaḥ)	पागलौ (pāgalau) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)	पागलाः (pāgalāḥ) पागलासः¹ (pāgalāsaḥ¹)
accusative	पागलम् (pāgalam)	पागलौ (pāgalau) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)	पागलान् (pāgalān)
instrumental	पागलेन (pāgalena)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलैः (pāgalaiḥ) पागलेभिः¹ (pāgalebhiḥ¹)
dative	पागलाय (pāgalāya)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलेभ्यः (pāgalebhyaḥ)
ablative	पागलात् (pāgalāt)	पागलाभ्याम् (pāgalābhyām)	पागलेभ्यः (pāgalebhyaḥ)
genitive	पागलस्य (pāgalasya)	पागलयोः (pāgalayoḥ)	पागलानाम् (pāgalānām)
locative	पागले (pāgale)	पागलयोः (pāgalayoḥ)	पागलेषु (pāgaleṣu)
vocative	पागल (pāgala)	पागलौ (pāgalau) पागला¹ (pāgalā¹)	पागलाः (pāgalāḥ) पागलासः¹ (pāgalāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “पागल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 614/2, 1330/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “pahlava - para -”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 312
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 312
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “paggala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Otto von Böhtlingk (1855), “[3]”, in Sanskrit-Wörterbuch: Part 4, page 625, column 1