बुध्यते

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• বুধ্যতে (Assamese script)
• ᬩᬸᬥ᭄ᬬᬢᬾ (Balinese script)
• বুধ্যতে (Bengali script)
• 𑰤𑰲𑰠𑰿𑰧𑰝𑰸 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀩𑀼𑀥𑁆𑀬𑀢𑁂 (Brahmi script)
• ဗုဓျတေ (Burmese script)
• બુધ્યતે (Gujarati script)
• ਬੁਧ੍ਯਤੇ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌬𑍁𑌧𑍍𑌯𑌤𑍇 (Grantha script)
• ꦧꦸꦣꦾꦠꦺ (Javanese script)
• 𑂥𑂳𑂡𑂹𑂨𑂞𑂵 (Kaithi script)
• ಬುಧ್ಯತೇ (Kannada script)
• ពុធ្យតេ (Khmer script)
• ພຸຘ຺ຍເຕ (Lao script)
• ബുധ്യതേ (Malayalam script)
• ᠪᡠᢡᠶᠠᢠᡝ (Manchu script)
• 𑘤𑘳𑘠𑘿𑘧𑘝𑘹 (Modi script)
• ᠪᠤᢑᠾᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠧ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧄𑧔𑧀𑧠𑧇𑦽𑧚 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐧𑐸𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐾 (Newa script)
• ବୁଧ୍ଯତେ (Odia script)
• ꢨꢸꢤ꣄ꢫꢡꢾ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆧𑆶𑆣𑇀𑆪𑆠𑆼 (Sharada script)
• 𑖤𑖲𑖠𑖿𑖧𑖝𑖸 (Siddham script)
• බුධ්‍යතෙ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩲𑩒𑩮 𑪙𑩻𑩫𑩔 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚠𑚰𑚜𑚶𑚣𑚙𑚲 (Takri script)
• பு³த்⁴யதே (Tamil script)
• బుధ్యతే (Telugu script)
• พุธฺยเต (Thai script)
• བུ་དྷྱ་ཏེ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒥𑒳𑒡𑓂𑒨𑒞𑒹 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨠𑨃𑨜𑩇𑨪𑨙𑨄 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰyétor

Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰyátay

Proto-Indo-Aryan *budʰyátay

Sanskrit बुध्य॑ते

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *budʰyátay, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰyátay, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰyétor, from *bʰewdʰ-. Cognate with Russian буди́ть (budítʹ), пробужденный (probuždennyj), Ancient Greek πυνθάνομαι (punthánomai).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /búdʱ.jɐ.tɐi̯/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /bud̪ʱ.jɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

बुध्य॑ते • (búdhyate) third-singular indicative (class 4, type A, root बुध्)

1. to wake
2. to know, to understand
3. to enlighten

Conjugation

Present: बुध्य॑ते (búdhyate)
	Active			Middle
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	बुध्य॑ते búdhyate	बुध्ये॑ते búdhyete	बुध्य॑न्ते búdhyante
Second	- -	- -	- -	बुध्य॑से búdhyase	बुध्ये॑थे búdhyethe	बुध्य॑ध्वे búdhyadhve
First	- -	- -	- -	बुध्ये॑ búdhye	बुध्या॑वहे búdhyāvahe	बुध्या॑महे búdhyāmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	बुध्य॑ताम् búdhyatām	बुध्ये॑ताम् búdhyetām	बुध्य॑न्ताम् búdhyantām
Second	- -	- -	- -	बुध्य॑स्व búdhyasva	बुध्ये॑थाम् búdhyethām	बुध्य॑ध्वम् búdhyadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	बुध्यै॑ búdhyai	बुध्या॑वहै búdhyāvahai	बुध्या॑महै búdhyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	बुध्ये॑त búdhyeta	बुध्ये॑याताम् búdhyeyātām	बुध्ये॑रन् búdhyeran
Second	- -	- -	- -	बुध्ये॑थाः búdhyethāḥ	बुध्ये॑याथाम् búdhyeyāthām	बुध्ये॑ध्वम् búdhyedhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	बुध्ये॑य búdhyeya	बुध्ये॑वहि búdhyevahi	बुध्ये॑महि búdhyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	- -	- -	- -	बुध्या॑ते / बुध्या॑तै búdhyāte / búdhyātai	बुध्यै॑ते búdhyaite	बुध्य॑न्त / बुध्या॑न्तै búdhyanta / búdhyāntai
Second	- -	- -	- -	बुध्या॑से / बुध्या॑सै búdhyāse / búdhyāsai	बुध्यै॑थे búdhyaithe	बुध्या॑ध्वै búdhyādhvai
First	- -	- -	- -	बुध्यै॑ búdhyai	बुध्या॑वहै búdhyāvahai	बुध्या॑महै búdhyāmahai
Participles
	- -			बुध्य॑मान búdhyamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.

Imperfect: अबु॑ध्यत (ábudhyata)
	Active			Middle
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	अबु॑ध्यत ábudhyata	अबु॑ध्येताम् ábudhyetām	अबु॑ध्यन्त ábudhyanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	अबु॑ध्यथाः ábudhyathāḥ	अबु॑ध्येथाम् ábudhyethām	अबु॑ध्यध्वम् ábudhyadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	अबु॑ध्ये ábudhye	अबु॑ध्यावहि ábudhyāvahi	अबु॑ध्यामहि ábudhyāmahi

Derived terms

• अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate)
• उद्बुध्यते (udbudhyate)
• प्रतिबुध्यते (pratibudhyate)
• प्रबुध्यते (prabudhyate)
• विबुध्यते (vibudhyate)
• सम्बुध्यते (sambudhyate)

Related terms

• बोध॑ति (bódhati) (alternative present of the same root)
• बो॒धय॑ति (bodháyati)
• बुद्धि॑ (búddhi)
• बु॒द्ध (buddhá)
• बो॒ध (bodhá)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: búǰik
• Prakrit: बुज्झइ (bujjhaï) (see there for further descendants)
• Pali: बुज्झति (bujjhati)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “búdhyatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 525
• Monier Williams (1899), “बुध्यते”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0733.