सहते

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সহতে (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬳᬢᬾ (Balinese script)
• সহতে (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰮𑰝𑰸 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀳𑀢𑁂 (Brahmi script)
• သဟတေ (Burmese script)
• સહતે (Gujarati script)
• ਸਹਤੇ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌹𑌤𑍇 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦲꦠꦺ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂯𑂞𑂵 (Kaithi script)
• ಸಹತೇ (Kannada script)
• សហតេ (Khmer script)
• ສຫເຕ (Lao script)
• സഹതേ (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠠᡥᠠᢠᡝ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘮𑘝𑘹 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠠᠾᠠᢐᠧ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧎𑦽𑧚 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐴𑐟𑐾 (Newa script)
• ସହତେ (Odia script)
• ꢱꢲꢡꢾ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆲𑆠𑆼 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖮𑖝𑖸 (Siddham script)
• සහතෙ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑪂𑩫𑩔 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚩𑚙𑚲 (Takri script)
• ஸஹதே (Tamil script)
• సహతే (Telugu script)
• สหเต (Thai script)
• ས་ཧ་ཏེ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒯𑒞𑒹 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨱𑨙𑨄 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sáźʰatay, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáȷ́ʰatay, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold, overpower”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ́.ɦɐ.tɐj/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ɐ.ɦɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

सहते • (sáhate) third-singular indicative (class 1, type A, present, root सह्)

1. to overcome, vanquish, conquer, prevail, be victorious
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa
2. to be able to or capable of (with infinitive or accusative)
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
3. to withstand, bear up against, resist
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
4. to bear, put up with, endure, tolerate
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

Conjugation

Present: सहते (sáhate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	सहते sáhate	सहेते sáhete	सहन्ते sáhante
Second	- -	- -	- -	सहसे sáhase	सहेथे sáhethe	सहध्वे sáhadhve
First	- -	- -	- -	सहे sáhe	सहावहे sáhāvahe	सहामहे sáhāmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	सहताम् sáhatām	सहेताम् sáhetām	सहन्ताम् sáhantām
Second	- -	- -	- -	सहस्व sáhasva	सहेथाम् sáhethām	सहध्वम् sáhadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	सहै sáhai	सहावहै sáhāvahai	सहामहै sáhāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	सहेत sáheta	सहेयाताम् sáheyātām	सहेरन् sáheran
Second	- -	- -	- -	सहेथाः sáhethāḥ	सहेयाथाम् sáheyāthām	सहेध्वम् sáhedhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	सहेय sáheya	सहेवहि sáhevahi	सहेमहि sáhemahi
Subjunctive
Third	- -	- -	- -	सहाते / सहातै sáhāte / sáhātai	सहैते sáhaite	सहन्त / सहान्तै sáhanta / sáhāntai
Second	- -	- -	- -	सहासे / सहासै sáhāse / sáhāsai	सहैथे sáhaithe	सहाध्वै sáhādhvai
First	- -	- -	- -	सहै sáhai	सहावहै sáhāvahai	सहामहै sáhāmahai
Participles
	- -			सहमान sáhamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.

Imperfect: असहत (ásahata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	असहत ásahata	असहेताम् ásahetām	असहन्त ásahanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	असहथाः ásahathāḥ	असहेथाम् ásahethām	असहध्वम् ásahadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	असहे ásahe	असहावहि ásahāvahi	असहामहि ásahāmahi

Related terms

• साढ (sā́ḍha)
• सहस् (sáhas)
• सीक्षते (sī́kṣate)
• साढृ (sā́ḍhṛ)
• साळ्हृ (sā́ḷhṛ)

Descendants

• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Bengali: সহা (śoha), সওয়া (śoōẇa)
  • Assamese: সহা (xoha)
• Pali: sahati
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀳𑀇 (sahaï)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀳𑀤𑀺 (sahadi)
  • Hindi: सहना (sahnā)
  • Punjabi: ਸਹਿਣ (sahiṇ)
• → Kannada: ಸಹಿಸು (sahisu)
• → Tamil: சகி (caki)
• → Telugu: సహించు (sahiñcu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “सहते”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1192, column 3.