ไหม
Appearance
See also: ไหม้
Thai
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From contraction of หรือ (rʉ̌ʉ, “or”) + ไม่ (mâi, “not”). Compare Southern Thai ม่าย.
Alternative forms
[edit]- มั้ย (mái)
Pronunciation
[edit]| Orthographic | ไหม ai h m | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Phonemic | ไหฺม ai h ̥ m | ไม้ ai m ˆ | |
| Romanization | Paiboon | mǎi | mái |
| Royal Institute | mai | mai | |
| (standard) IPA(key) | /maj˩˩˦/(R) | /maj˦˥/(R) | |
Particle
[edit]ไหม • (mǎi)
Derived terms
[edit]- ใคร ... ไหม (krai...mǎi)
- ใครจะบอกได้ไหมว่า ...
- ใช่ไหม
- บอกแล้วไหมล่ะ
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰmajᴬ (“thread”), from Proto-Tai *ʰmajᴬ (“thread”),[1] possibly from Old Chinese 徽 (OC *hmɯl, “fine; glorious”).[2]
Cognate with Lao ໄໝ (mai), Tai Dam ꪼꪢ, Lü ᦺᦖ (ṁay), Shan မႆ (mǎi), Zhuang mae.
Pronunciation
[edit]| Orthographic | ไหม ai h m | |
|---|---|---|
| Phonemic | ไหฺม ai h ̥ m | |
| Romanization | Paiboon | mǎi |
| Royal Institute | mai | |
| (standard) IPA(key) | /maj˩˩˦/(R) | |
Noun
[edit]ไหม • (mǎi)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Tai Dón ใม (“fine; to fine”) or Shan မႂ် (mǎue, “idem”).[3] Compare Lao ໃໝ (mai), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩱ, Khün ᩉ᩠ᨾᩱ, Lü ᦺᦖ (ṁay).
Pronunciation
[edit]| Orthographic | ไหม ai h m | |
|---|---|---|
| Phonemic | ไหฺม ai h ̥ m | |
| Romanization | Paiboon | mǎi |
| Royal Institute | mai | |
| (standard) IPA(key) | /maj˩˩˦/(R) | |
Noun
[edit]ไหม • (mǎi)
- (law, archaic) fine: monetary penalty.[3]
- Synonym: ค่าปรับ (kâa-bpràp)
- (law, archaic) compensation; damages.[3]
Verb
[edit]ไหม • (mǎi)
Derived terms
[edit]- ค่าปรับไหม
- ปรับไหม
- สินไหม (sǐn-mǎi)
References
[edit]- ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009), The Phonology of Proto-Tai[1], Cornell University PhD dissertation, page 340
- ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014), “Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai”, in MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, volume 20 (special issue), Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University, →ISSN, pages 47–68.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 ราชบัณฑิตยสภา (2020), พจนานุกรมโบราณศัพท์ ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสภา (in Thai), กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา, →ISBN, page 345: “ไหม (ไทขาว ใม; ไทใหญ่ ใหม = ปรับ, ค่าปรับ) น. ค่าเสียหาย, ค่าชดเชย, ค่าปรับ”
Further reading
[edit]- “ไหม” in Thai Dictionary Project (TDP) (UC Berkeley 1964) (plus additional data from the Royal Institute of Thailand (RI) and NECTEC's LEXITRON project (LEX)). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
Categories:
- Thai compound terms
- Rhymes:Thai/aj
- Thai terms with IPA pronunciation
- Thai 1-syllable words
- Thai lemmas
- Thai particles
- Thai terms with usage examples
- Thai terms inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai
- Thai terms derived from Proto-Southwestern Tai
- Thai terms inherited from Proto-Tai
- Thai terms derived from Proto-Tai
- Thai terms derived from Old Chinese
- Thai nouns
- Thai terms borrowed from Tai Dón
- Thai terms derived from Tai Dón
- Thai terms borrowed from Shan
- Thai terms derived from Shan
- th:Law
- Thai terms with archaic senses
- Thai verbs
- Thai interrogative particles
- Thai terms with irregular pronunciations