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Egyptian [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
3ae inf.
( transitive ) to proclaim , to utter (+ n : to) [Pyramid Texts and Book of the Dead]
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of ḥww (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḥw , geminated stem: ḥww
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ḥwt , ḥwj
ḥww , ḥw
ḥwt , ḥwwt , ḥwyt
ḥw
ḥw , ḥwy
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ḥw.n
ḥww , ḥw , ḥwy
consecutive
ḥw.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ḥwt , ḥwyt
perfective 3
ḥw
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
ḥw.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ḥw , ḥwy
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ḥww , ḥw , ḥwy
ḥww , ḥw , ḥwy
potentialis1
ḥw.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ḥw , ḥwy
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ḥw.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
ḥww 1 , ḥwy , ḥw
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ḥw
ḥwy , ḥw
imperfective
ḥww , ḥwwy , ḥwww 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ḥww , ḥwwj 6 , ḥwwy 6
ḥww , ḥwww 5
prospective
ḥww 1 , ḥwy , ḥw , ḥwtj 7
—
ḥwwtj 1 4 , ḥwtj 4 , ḥwt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥww
Related terms [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1929 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , page 44.3
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 164