ἀπολύω

See also: απολύω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἀπο- (apo-, “from”) +‎ λῡ́ω (lū́ō, “to loosen”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.po.ly̌ː.ɔː/ → /a.poˈly.o/ → /a.poˈli.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.po.ly̌ː.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.poˈly.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.poˈly.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.poˈly.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.poˈli.o/

Verb

ἀπολῡ́ω • (apolū́ō)

1. to loose from
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.46
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.420
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.392
   1. to set free from, release or relieve from
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.30
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.3.47
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 365A
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 64E
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1.9.8
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.70
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.56
      1. (law) to acquit
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.88
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.6.15
         • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 571
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.174
         • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.95
         • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.128
         • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 988–1000
         • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 159.43
2. (sole use in the Iliad) to let go free on receipt of ransom
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.95
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.115
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.50
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.8.21
   1. to let go, let alone, leave
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, The Coan Praenotions 210
3. to discharge or disband an army, dismiss
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.5.21, (compare Plato, Phaedo 67A)
   • 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 1155
   1. to divorce a wife
      • New Testament, Matth. 1:19
      • 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 12.18
   2. to do away with, remove
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Leptines 47, (compare Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 115.20)
   3. to discharge or pay a debt
      • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 417B
   4. to dismiss a charge
      • 390 BCE – 322 BCE, Hyperides, In Defence of Euxenippus 47
      • 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 115.20
4. to sell
   • 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 131.39
   • 4th century BC, Isaeus, Collected Works 59.32
5. (middle voice) to redeem
   • Opp. C. 3.128
   1. to do away with calumnies against one
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.87
      • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 37B
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.75
      • 352 BCE, Demosthenes, For the Megalopolitans 2
      • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 4
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.59
   2. to acquit of
      • 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 119.12
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 637C
      1. to release from
         • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Menexenus 245A
   3. to depart
      • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1314
6. (passive voice) to be released, let off
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.84
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.8
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.70
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.29
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 113D
   1. to be separated, get clear, part
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.49
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 6.6.5
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 1.2.6
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 3.3.7
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 2.1.41
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 4.8.7
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 4.9.2
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Fragments 300
      1. to depart
         • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1268
   2. (of a child) to be brought forth
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Collected Works 261.49
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Collected Works 1013E
   3. to be annulled
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 8.3.3

Inflection

   Present: ἀπολῡ́ω, ἀπολῡ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπολῡ́ω	ἀπολῡ́εις	ἀπολῡ́ει	ἀπολῡ́ετον	ἀπολῡ́ετον	ἀπολῡ́ομεν	ἀπολῡ́ετε	ἀπολῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀπολῡ́ω	ἀπολῡ́ῃς	ἀπολῡ́ῃ	ἀπολῡ́ητον	ἀπολῡ́ητον	ἀπολῡ́ωμεν	ἀπολῡ́ητε	ἀπολῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀπολῡ́οιμῐ	ἀπολῡ́οις	ἀπολῡ́οι	ἀπολῡ́οιτον	ἀπολῡοίτην	ἀπολῡ́οιμεν	ἀπολῡ́οιτε	ἀπολῡ́οιεν
	imperative		ἀπόλῡε	ἀπολῡέτω	ἀπολῡ́ετον	ἀπολῡέτων		ἀπολῡ́ετε	ἀπολῡόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἀπολῡ́ομαι	ἀπολῡ́ῃ, ἀπολῡ́ει	ἀπολῡ́εται	ἀπολῡ́εσθον	ἀπολῡ́εσθον	ἀπολῡόμεθᾰ	ἀπολῡ́εσθε	ἀπολῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἀπολῡ́ωμαι	ἀπολῡ́ῃ	ἀπολῡ́ηται	ἀπολῡ́ησθον	ἀπολῡ́ησθον	ἀπολῡώμεθᾰ	ἀπολῡ́ησθε	ἀπολῡ́ωνται
	optative	ἀπολῡοίμην	ἀπολῡ́οιο	ἀπολῡ́οιτο	ἀπολῡ́οισθον	ἀπολῡοίσθην	ἀπολῡοίμεθᾰ	ἀπολῡ́οισθε	ἀπολῡ́οιντο
	imperative		ἀπολῡ́ου	ἀπολῡέσθω	ἀπολῡ́εσθον	ἀπολῡέσθων		ἀπολῡ́εσθε	ἀπολῡέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀπολῡ́ειν				ἀπολῡ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἀπολῡ́ων				ἀπολῡόμενος
	f	ἀπολῡ́ουσᾰ				ἀπολῡομένη
	n	ἀπολῦον				ἀπολῡόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἀπολῡ́σω, ἀπολῡ́σομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπολῡ́σω	ἀπολῡ́σεις	ἀπολῡ́σει	ἀπολῡ́σετον	ἀπολῡ́σετον	ἀπολῡ́σομεν	ἀπολῡ́σετε	ἀπολῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀπολῡ́σοιμῐ	ἀπολῡ́σοις	ἀπολῡ́σοι	ἀπολῡ́σοιτον	ἀπολῡσοίτην	ἀπολῡ́σοιμεν	ἀπολῡ́σοιτε	ἀπολῡ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	ἀπολῡ́σομαι	ἀπολῡ́σῃ, ἀπολῡ́σει	ἀπολῡ́σεται	ἀπολῡ́σεσθον	ἀπολῡ́σεσθον	ἀπολῡσόμεθᾰ	ἀπολῡ́σεσθε	ἀπολῡ́σονται
	optative	ἀπολῡσοίμην	ἀπολῡ́σοιο	ἀπολῡ́σοιτο	ἀπολῡ́σοισθον	ἀπολῡσοίσθην	ἀπολῡσοίμεθᾰ	ἀπολῡ́σοισθε	ἀπολῡ́σοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἀπολῡ́σειν			ἀπολῡ́σεσθαι
participle	m	ἀπολῡ́σων			ἀπολῡσόμενος
	f	ἀπολῡ́σουσᾰ			ἀπολῡσομένη
	n	ἀπολῦσον			ἀπολῡσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms

• (to let go free on receipt of ransom): ἀπολυτρόω (apolutróō)

References

• “ἀπολύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀπολύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀπολύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀπολύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀπολύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀπολύω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G630 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• ἀπολύω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften