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λύω

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: λυῶ

Ancient Greek

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁- (to cut off, separate, free), (which Beekes reconstructs as *lh₁u-). Cognates include Latin luō (expiate, pay), Sanskrit लुनाति (lunā́ti, to sever, cut forth, destroy, annihilate), English loose, and possibly Old Armenian լուծանեմ (lucanem) and Albanian lirë.[1]

    According to Beekes, the stem vowel was originally short (λῠ-), lengthened only later in Attic and sometimes in Homer (λῡ-) due to the influence of a laryngeal. The upsilon remains short () before temporal endings beginning with κ, θ, μ and all derivatives, but the prosody of compounds remains that of λῡ́ω (lū́ō).

    Derivatives, from the stems λῠσ- (lŭs-), λῠσῐ- (lŭsĭ-) (compounds with λῡσῐ- (lūsĭ-)), λῠτ- (lŭt-).

    Unrelated to κωλῡ́ω (kōlū́ō, prevent), ὄλλῡμῐ (óllūmĭ, destroy, lose) or λύσσᾰ (lússă, rage).

    Pronunciation

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    (Attic, Ionic, etc.; rare in Epic):

     

    (Epic):

     

    Verb

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    λῡ̆́ω (lū̆́ō)

    1. to loose; to loosen; to untie
    2. to slacken
    3. to unbend
    4. to set free; to release
    5. to redeem
    6. to dissolve; sever
    7. to break (up); to destroy
    8. to abrogate; to annul
    9. to atone; to amend
    10. to profit; to be useful
    11. to discharge; to fulfill; to pay off

    Conjugation

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    • A variable vowel length λῡ̆- (lū̆-) indicates a short vowel that may occasionally undergo metrical lengthening in poetry.
    • Epic shows remnants of an athematic aorist λῠ- (lŭ-) in the middle indicative, found in λῠ́το (lŭ́to) etc.

    Derived terms

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    expressions:

    Derivatives from λῡ́ω (and see their compounds):

    Compounds with λῡ́ω (and see their Derived terms):

    Descendants

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    • English: lyo-, ly-
    • Greek: λύνω (lýno)
    • Greek: λύω (lýo)

    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “λύω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 881-2

    Further reading

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    Greek

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λῡ́ω (lū́ō). Also see λύνω (lýno).

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈli.o/
    • Hyphenation: λύ‧ω

    Verb

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    λύω (lýo) (past έλυσα, passive λύομαι) (formal)

    1. to terminate, adjourn, end (especially in passive form)
      λύεται η συνεδρίασηlýetai i synedríasi(especially of court) the session is adjourned
      λύεται η σύμβασηlýetai i sýmvasithe contract is terminated
    2. to dismantle, disassemblesee participle λυόμενος

    Conjugation

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    Derived terms

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    Compounds of the ancient λύω (and see their Derivatives):

    Compounds of λύω