έχω
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See also: ἔχω
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “to have”). Cognate with Mariupol Greek э́ху (éxu).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]έχω • (écho) (imperfect είχα, past είχα, passive —)
- to have/hold, in the sense of holding (in one's possession) (a [legal/personal/possibly 'undesired']) property
- Έχω αυτοκίνητο ― Écho aftokínito ― I have a car
- Έχω πονοκέφαλο ― Écho ponokéfalo ― I have a headache
- Μήπως έχεις ένα στυλό; ― Mípos écheis éna styló? ― Do you have a pen?
- Έχω άδεια διαμονής ― Écho ádeia diamonís ― I hold/have a residence permit
- Έχω άδεια οδήγησης ― Écho ádeia odígisis ― I hold/have a driver's license
- to be (have/hold a property, characteristic)
- Έχει κρύο σήμερα. ― Échei krýo símera. ― It is cold today.
- to feel, have feelings
- Τι έχεις; Γιατί κλαις; ― Ti écheis; Giatí klais? ― What's [wrong] with you? Why are you crying? (literally, “What do you have?”)
- (grammar, auxiliary verb) to have +verbs (or participles) to form perfect tenses.
- έχω διαβάσει ― écho diavásei ― I have read
Usage notes
[edit]- Passive voice forms (έχομαι (ékhomai)) exist only as second combining forms in compounds, e.g. κατέχομαι (katéchomai, “owned, possessed”)
Conjugation
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έχω
Active voice ➤ — Imperfective aspect ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Present ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Future ➤ | |
1 sg | έχω | είχα | θα έχω | |
2 sg | έχεις | είχες | θα έχεις | |
3 sg | έχει | είχε | θα έχει | |
1 pl | έχουμε, [έχομε] | είχαμε | θα έχουμε, [θα έχομε] | |
2 pl | έχετε | είχατε | θα έχετε | |
3 pl | έχουν, (έχουνε) | είχαν, (είχανε) | θα έχουν, (θα έχουνε) | |
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | 2 sg | 2 pl | ||
Imperfective aspect | έχε | έχετε | ||
Other forms | Present participle ➤ | |||
έχοντας1 ➤ | ||||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Also, archaic active present participle: ο {έχων}, η {έχουσα}, το {έχον} • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
[edit]- αντέχω (antécho, “withstand”)
- απέχω (apécho, “I am distant from”)
- διακατέχω (diakatécho, “I am in the grip of a feeling”)
- εισέχω (eisécho, “I introvert”)
- εμπεριέχω (emperiécho, “contain”)
- ενέχω (enécho, “contain, hide within”)
- εξέχω (exécho, “stand out”)
- επέχω (epécho, “hold, serve as”)
- έχοντες m pl (échontes, “the ones who have, the rich”)
- έχων (échon, “one who has”, participle)
- κατέχοντες m pl (katéchontes, “the ones who own, the rich”)
- κατέχω (katécho, “to possess”)
- μετέχω (metécho, “to participate”)
- παραέχω (paraécho, “have too much of”)
- παρέχω (parécho, “give, offer”)
- περιέχω (periécho, “I contain”)
- προέχω (proécho, “I am important”)
- προκάτοχος m (prokátochos, “predecessor”)
- προσέχω (prosécho, “pay attention”)
- συμμετέχω (symmetécho, “participate”)
- συνέχω (synécho, “hold together, possess”)
- υπερέχω (yperécho, “surpass, I am better than”)
Phrases, proverbs:
- έχω τα μάτια μου δεκατέσσερα (écho ta mátia mou dekatéssera, “be on the alert”)