ἀρήν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ϝᾰρήν (wărḗn) — Doric

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *warḗn, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥h₁ḗn (“lamb”). Cognates include Latin vervēx (“wether”), Sanskrit उरण (úraṇa) and Old Armenian գառն (gaṙn).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.rɛ̌ːn/ → /aˈrin/ → /aˈrin/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.rɛ̌ːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈre̝n/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈrin/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈrin/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈrin/

Noun

ᾰ̓ρήν • (ărḗn) m or f (genitive ᾰ̓ρνός); third declension

1. alternative form of ᾰ̓μνός (ămnós, “lamb”)
2. (in the plural) stunted ears of wheat

Usage notes

• The inflected forms are typically treated as suppletive to ᾰ̓μνός (ămnós), but the nominative singular ᾰ̓ρήν (ărḗn) is found in early inscriptions.

Declension

Third declension of ὁ / ἡ ᾰ̓ρήν; τοῦ / τῆς ᾰ̓ρνός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ / ἡ ᾰ̓ρήν ho / hē ărḗn	τὼ ᾰ̓́ρνε tṑ ắrne	οἱ / αἱ ᾰ̓́ρνες hoi / hai ắrnes
Genitive	τοῦ / τῆς ᾰ̓ρνός toû / tês ărnós	τοῖν ᾰ̓ρνοῖν toîn ărnoîn	τῶν ᾰ̓ρνῶν tôn ărnôn
Dative	τῷ / τῇ ᾰ̓ρνῐ́ tōî / tēî ărnĭ́	τοῖν ᾰ̓ρνοῖν toîn ărnoîn	τοῖς / ταῖς ᾰ̓ρνᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓ρνᾰ́σῐν toîs / taîs ărnắsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν / τὴν ᾰ̓́ρνᾰ tòn / tḕn ắrnă	τὼ ᾰ̓́ρνε tṑ ắrne	τοὺς / τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́ρνᾰς toùs / tā̀s ắrnăs
Vocative	ᾰ̓ρήν ărḗn	ᾰ̓́ρνε ắrne	ᾰ̓́ρνες ắrnes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ᾰ̓ρήν; ᾰ̓ρνός (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾰ̓ρήν ărḗn	ᾰ̓́ρνε ắrne	ᾰ̓́ρνες ắrnes
Genitive	ᾰ̓ρνός ărnós	ᾰ̓ρνοῖῐ̈ν ărnoîĭ̈n	ᾰ̓ρνῶν ărnôn
Dative	ᾰ̓ρνῐ́ ărnĭ́	ᾰ̓ρνοῖῐ̈ν ărnoîĭ̈n	ᾰ̓ρνᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓ρνᾰ́σῐν / ᾰ̓́ρνεσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρνεσῐν / ᾰ̓́ρνεσσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρνεσσῐν ărnắsĭ(n) / ắrnesĭ(n) / ắrnessĭ(n)
Accusative	ᾰ̓́ρνᾰ ắrnă	ᾰ̓́ρνε ắrne	ᾰ̓́ρνᾰς ắrnăs
Vocative	ᾰ̓ρήν ărḗn	ᾰ̓́ρνε ắrne	ᾰ̓́ρνες ắrnes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἀρνακίς (arnakís)
• ἄρνειος (árneios)
• ἀρνειός (arneiós)
• ἀρνίον (arníon)
• ἀρνόγλωσσον (arnóglōsson)
• ἀρνοφάγος (arnophágos)
• πολύρρην (polúrrhēn)
• ῥήν (rhḗn)

Further reading

• “ἀρήν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀρήν”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀρήν in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἀρήν in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
• G704 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible