ἀργός

See also: αργός, Άργος, and Ἄργος

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white”). Cognates include Old Irish argat (“silver”), Welsh arian (“silver”), Sanskrit अर्जुन (árjuna, “white, clear”) and रजत (rajatá, “silver”), Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (ər^əzata, “silver”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎭𐎫 (ardata, “silver”), and possibly Old Armenian արծաթ (arcatʻ).

According to another theory, ultimately from Proto-Georgian-Zan *egr- (Cf. Mingrelian root არგ- (arg-, “Mingrelian”)).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ar.ɡós/ → /arˈɣos/ → /arˈɣos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ar.ɡós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /arˈɡos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /arˈɣos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /arˈɣos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /arˈɣos/

Adjective

ἀργός • (argós) m (feminine ἀργή, neuter ἀργόν); first/second declension

1. white, bright
2. swift (of dogs)

Inflection

First and second declension of ἀργός; ἀργή; ἀργόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἀργός argós	ἀργή argḗ	ἀργόν argón		ἀργώ argṓ	ἀργᾱ́ argā́	ἀργώ argṓ		ἀργοί argoí	ἀργαί argaí	ἀργᾰ́ argá
Genitive		ἀργοῦ argoû	ἀργῆς argês	ἀργοῦ argoû		ἀργοῖν argoîn	ἀργαῖν argaîn	ἀργοῖν argoîn		ἀργῶν argôn	ἀργῶν argôn	ἀργῶν argôn
Dative		ἀργῷ argôi	ἀργῇ argêi	ἀργῷ argôi		ἀργοῖν argoîn	ἀργαῖν argaîn	ἀργοῖν argoîn		ἀργοῖς argoîs	ἀργαῖς argaîs	ἀργοῖς argoîs
Accusative		ἀργόν argón	ἀργήν argḗn	ἀργόν argón		ἀργώ argṓ	ἀργᾱ́ argā́	ἀργώ argṓ		ἀργούς argoús	ἀργᾱ́ς argā́s	ἀργᾰ́ argá
Vocative		ἀργέ argé	ἀργή argḗ	ἀργόν argón		ἀργώ argṓ	ἀργᾱ́ argā́	ἀργώ argṓ		ἀργοί argoí	ἀργαί argaí	ἀργᾰ́ argá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἀργῶς argôs				ἀργότερος argóteros				ἀργότᾰτος argótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀργεννός (argennós)
• ἀργιόδους (argiódous)
• ἄργιλλος (árgillos)
• ἄργυρος (árguros)
  • ἀργύρεος (argúreos)
  • ἀργύριον (argúrion)
• πελαργός (pelargós)
• πύγαργος (púgargos)
• Ἀργαῖος (Argaîos)
• Ἀργώ (Argṓ)

Etymology 2

Contracted form of ἀεργός (aergós), from ἀ- (a-) +‎ ἔργον (érgon), and hence has a long ᾱ (ā).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /aːr.ɡós/ → /arˈɣos/ → /arˈɣos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /aːr.ɡós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /arˈɡos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /arˈɣos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /arˈɣos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /arˈɣos/

Adjective

ᾱ̓ργός • (ārgós) m (feminine ᾱ̓ργή, neuter ᾱ̓ργόν); first/second declension

1. not working, idle
2. lazy, slow
3. fallow, fruitless
4. unwrought, undone, unpolished

Alternative forms

• ἀεργός (aergós)

Inflection

First and second declension of ᾱ̓ργός; ᾱ̓ργή; ᾱ̓ργόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾱ̓ργός ārgós	ᾱ̓ργή ārgḗ	ᾱ̓ργόν ārgón		ᾱ̓ργώ ārgṓ	ᾱ̓ργᾱ́ ārgā́	ᾱ̓ργώ ārgṓ		ᾱ̓ργοί ārgoí	ᾱ̓ργαί ārgaí	ᾱ̓ργᾰ́ ārgá
Genitive		ᾱ̓ργοῦ ārgoû	ᾱ̓ργῆς ārgês	ᾱ̓ργοῦ ārgoû		ᾱ̓ργοῖν ārgoîn	ᾱ̓ργαῖν ārgaîn	ᾱ̓ργοῖν ārgoîn		ᾱ̓ργῶν ārgôn	ᾱ̓ργῶν ārgôn	ᾱ̓ργῶν ārgôn
Dative		ᾱ̓ργῷ ārgôi	ᾱ̓ργῇ ārgêi	ᾱ̓ργῷ ārgôi		ᾱ̓ργοῖν ārgoîn	ᾱ̓ργαῖν ārgaîn	ᾱ̓ργοῖν ārgoîn		ᾱ̓ργοῖς ārgoîs	ᾱ̓ργαῖς ārgaîs	ᾱ̓ργοῖς ārgoîs
Accusative		ᾱ̓ργόν ārgón	ᾱ̓ργήν ārgḗn	ᾱ̓ργόν ārgón		ᾱ̓ργώ ārgṓ	ᾱ̓ργᾱ́ ārgā́	ᾱ̓ργώ ārgṓ		ᾱ̓ργούς ārgoús	ᾱ̓ργᾱ́ς ārgā́s	ᾱ̓ργᾰ́ ārgá
Vocative		ᾱ̓ργέ ārgé	ᾱ̓ργή ārgḗ	ᾱ̓ργόν ārgón		ᾱ̓ργώ ārgṓ	ᾱ̓ργᾱ́ ārgā́	ᾱ̓ργώ ārgṓ		ᾱ̓ργοί ārgoí	ᾱ̓ργαί ārgaí	ᾱ̓ργᾰ́ ārgá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ᾱ̓ργῶς ārgôs				ᾱ̓ργότερος ārgóteros				ᾱ̓ργότᾰτος ārgótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• λήθᾱργος (lḗthārgos)

References

• “ἀργός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press (first sense)
• “ἀργός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press (second sense)
• “ἀργός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀργός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀργός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀργός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀργός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G692 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • apathetic idem, page 33.
  • dormant idem, page 247.
  • fallow idem, page 304.
  • idle idem, page 413.
  • inactive idem, page 427.
  • indolent idem, page 434.
  • inert idem, page 436.
  • interest idem, page 450.
  • lazy idem, page 481.
  • leisure idem, page 485.
  • lethargic idem, page 486.
  • slack idem, page 782.
  • slothful idem, page 785.
  • supine idem, page 840.
  • unaccomplished idem, page 906.
  • unconsummated idem, page 911.
  • uncultivated idem, page 911.
  • undone idem, page 915.
  • unemployed idem, page 916.
  • unfulfilled idem, page 919.
  • unlaboured idem, page 923.
  • unoccupied idem, page 926.
  • unperformed idem, page 927.
  • unploughed idem, page 927.
  • unproductive idem, page 928.
  • untilled idem, page 934.
  • untouched idem, page 935.
• Gamkrelidze, Th. V., Ivanov, V. V. (1995) Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 80), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 802-803