ἄνθραξ
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uncertain; possibly from a Mediterranean substrate; compare Old Armenian անթայր (antʻayr), անթեղ (antʻeł).
Others have connected the word to Old Norse sintr, German Sinter (“sinter”), English sinder (“cinder, ashes, slag”), all from *sindrą (“dross, cinder, slag”), and via Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, cinder”) cognate to Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”) (compare Serbo-Croatian sadra, Czech sádra).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /án.tʰraks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈan.tʰraks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈan.θraks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈan.θraks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈan.θraks/
Noun
ἄνθραξ • (ánthrax) m (genitive ἄνθρακος); third declension
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ἄνθρᾰξ ho ánthrax |
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε tṑ ánthrake |
οἱ ἄνθρᾰκες hoi ánthrakes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἄνθρᾰκος toû ánthrakos |
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν toîn anthrákoin |
τῶν ἀνθρᾰ́κων tôn anthrákōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἄνθρᾰκῐ tôi ánthraki |
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν toîn anthrákoin |
τοῖς ἄνθρᾰξῐ / ἄνθρᾰξῐν toîs ánthraxi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ἄνθρᾰκᾰ tòn ánthraka |
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε tṑ ánthrake |
τοὺς ἄνθρᾰκᾰς toùs ánthrakas | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἄνθρᾰξ ánthrax |
ἄνθρᾰκε ánthrake |
ἄνθρᾰκες ánthrakes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἀνθρακάριος (anthrakários, “carbonarius”)
- ἀνθρακεία (anthrakeía, “making of charcoal”)
- ἀνθρακεύς (anthrakeús, “charcoal-maker”)
- ἀνθρακεύω (anthrakeúō, “make charcoal, burn to a cinder”)
- ἀνθρακηρός (anthrakērós, “belonging to charcoal”)
- ἀνθρακιά (anthrakiá, “burning charcoal, hot embers”)
- ἀνθρακίας (anthrakías, “burnt to a cinder”)
- ἀνθρακίδες (anthrakídes, “small fish for frying”)
- ἀνθρακίζω (anthrakízō, “make charcoal of, roast or toast”)
- ἀνθράκινος (anthrákinos, “of the nature of, or made of, a carbuncle”)
- ἀνθράκιον (anthrákion, “a stone of which mirrors were made”)
- ἀνθρακῖτης (anthrakîtēs, “a kind of coal”)
- ἀνθρακοβότανον (anthrakobótanon, “betony”)
- ἀνθρακοειδής (anthrakoeidḗs, “like, or of the colour of, coal”)
- ἀνθρακοθήκη (anthrakothḗkē, “coal-cellar”)
- ἀνθρακοκαύστης (anthrakokaústēs, “charcoal-maker”)
- ἀνθρακόομαι (anthrakóomai, “to be burnt to cinders or ashes; to form a malignant ulcer”)
- ἀνθρακοπώλης (anthrakopṓlēs, “coal-merchant”)
- ἀνθρακώδης (anthrakṓdēs, “like, or of the colour of, coal”)
- ἀνθρακωμα (anthrakōma, “heap of charcoal, coal-fire”)
- ἀνθρακών (anthrakṓn, “coal-store”)
- ἀνθρακωσις (anthrakōsis, “malignant ulcer, carbuncle, carbonization, charring”)
Descendants
- Greek: άνθρακας (ánthrakas)
- → Czech: anthrax
- → English: anthrax
- → French: anthrax
- → German: Anthrax
- → Dutch: antrax
- → Serbo-Croatian: антракс
- → Translingual: Anthrax
Further reading
- “ἄνθραξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἄνθραξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἄνθραξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἄνθραξ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- G440 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from substrate languages
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- grc:Nature
- grc:Medicine
- grc:Gems