ἐθέλω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- θέλω (thélō)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *h₁gʷʰel- (“to wish”). Cognates include Proto-Slavic *želěti (“to wish, want”) (whence Old Church Slavonic желѣти (želěti)).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.tʰé.lɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /eˈtʰe.lo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eˈθe.lo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈθe.lo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈθe.lo/
Verb
[edit]ἐθέλω • (ethélō)
- usually weaker than βούλομαι (boúlomai), of consent rather than desire: (intransitive) to be willing, to wish [with infinitive ‘to do something’]
- (with negative) to not care to, be unable
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Demeter 45
- (of inanimate objects)
Conjugation
[edit] Present: ἐθέλω, ἐθέλομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤθελον | ἤθελες | ἤθελε(ν) | ἠθέλετον | ἠθελέτην | ἠθέλομεν | ἠθέλετε | ἤθελον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἠθελόμην | ἠθέλου | ἠθέλετο | ἠθέλεσθον | ἠθελέσθην | ἠθελόμεθᾰ | ἠθέλεσθε | ἠθέλοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔθελον | ἔθελες | ἔθελε(ν) | ἐθέλετον | ἐθελέτην | ἐθέλομεν | ἐθέλετε | ἔθελον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐθελόμην | ἐθέλου | ἐθέλετο | ἐθέλεσθον | ἐθελέσθην | ἐθελόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐθέλεσθε | ἐθέλοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐθέλεσκον | ἐθέλεσκες | ἐθέλεσκε(ν) | ἐθελέσκετον | ἐθελεσκέτην | ἐθελέσκομεν | ἐθελέσκετε | ἐθέλεσκον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐθελεσκόμην | ἐθελέσκου | ἐθελέσκετο | ἐθελέσκεσθον | ἐθελεσκέσθην | ἐθελεσκόμεθᾰ | ἐθελέσκεσθε | ἐθελέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ἐθελήσω
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐθελήσω | ἐθελήσεις | ἐθελήσει | ἐθελήσετον | ἐθελήσετον | ἐθελήσομεν | ἐθελήσετε | ἐθελήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ἐθελήσοιμῐ | ἐθελήσοις | ἐθελήσοι | ἐθελήσοιτον | ἐθελησοίτην | ἐθελήσοιμεν | ἐθελήσοιτε | ἐθελήσοιεν | |||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐθελήσειν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐθελήσων | |||||||||||
| f | ἐθελήσουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐθελῆσον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: θελήσω
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | θελήσω | θελήσεις | θελήσει | θελήσετον | θελήσετον | θελήσομεν | θελήσετε | θελήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | θελήσοιμῐ | θελήσοις | θελήσοι | θελήσοιτον | θελησοίτην | θελήσοιμεν | θελήσοιτε | θελήσοιεν | |||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | θελήσειν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | θελήσων | |||||||||||
| f | θελήσουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | θελῆσον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἠθέλησᾰ
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἠθέλησᾰ | ἠθέλησᾰς | ἠθέλησε(ν) | ἠθελήσᾰτον | ἠθελησᾰ́την | ἠθελήσᾰμεν | ἠθελήσᾰτε | ἠθέλησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐθελήσω | ἐθελήσῃς | ἐθελήσῃ | ἐθελήσητον | ἐθελήσητον | ἐθελήσωμεν | ἐθελήσητε | ἐθελήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐθελήσαιμῐ | ἐθελήσειᾰς / ἐθελήσαις | ἐθελήσειε(ν) / ἐθελήσαι | ἐθελήσαιτον | ἐθελησαίτην | ἐθελήσαιμεν | ἐθελήσαιτε | ἐθελήσειᾰν / ἐθελήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἐθέλησον | ἐθελησᾰ́τω | ἐθελήσᾰτον | ἐθελησᾰ́των | ἐθελήσᾰτε | ἐθελησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐθελῆσαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐθελήσᾱς | |||||||||||
| f | ἐθελήσᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐθελῆσᾰν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐθέλησᾰ | ἐθέλησᾰς | ἐθέλησε(ν) | ἐθελήσᾰτον | ἐθελησᾰ́την | ἐθελήσᾰμεν | ἐθελήσᾰτε | ἐθέλησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | θελήσω, θελήσωμῐ |
θελήσῃς, θελήσῃσθᾰ |
θελήσῃ, θελήσῃσῐ |
θελήσητον | θελήσητον | θελήσωμεν | θελήσητε | θελήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | θελήσαιμῐ | θελήσαις, θελήσαισθᾰ, θελήσειᾰς |
θελήσειε(ν) / θελήσαι | θελησεῖτον | θελησείτην | θελησεῖμεν | θελησεῖτε | θελησεῖεν | |||||
| imperative | θέλησον | θελησᾰ́τω | θελήσᾰτον | θελησᾰ́των | θελήσᾰτε | θελησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | θελῆσαι / θελησᾰ́μεν / θελησᾰμέναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | θελήσᾱς | |||||||||||
| f | θελήσᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | θελῆσᾰν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἠθέληκᾰ
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἠθέληκᾰ | ἠθέληκᾰς | ἠθέληκε(ν) | ἠθελήκᾰτον | ἠθελήκᾰτον | ἠθελήκᾰμεν | ἠθελήκᾰτε | ἠθελήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἠθελήκω | ἠθελήκῃς | ἠθελήκῃ | ἠθελήκητον | ἠθελήκητον | ἠθελήκωμεν | ἠθελήκητε | ἠθελήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἠθελήκοιμῐ / ἠθεληκοίην | ἠθελήκοις / ἠθεληκοίης | ἠθελήκοι / ἠθεληκοίη | ἠθελήκοιτον | ἠθεληκοίτην | ἠθελήκοιμεν | ἠθελήκοιτε | ἠθελήκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἠθέληκε | ἠθεληκέτω | ἠθελήκετον | ἠθεληκέτων | ἠθελήκετε | ἠθεληκόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἠθεληκέναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἠθεληκώς | |||||||||||
| f | ἠθεληκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | ἠθεληκός | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἠθελήκειν / ἠθελήκη | ἠθελήκεις / ἠθελήκης | ἠθελήκει(ν) | ἠθελήκετον | ἠθεληκέτην | ἠθελήκεμεν | ἠθελήκετε | ἠθελήκεσᾰν | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐτεθελήκειν / ἐτεθελήκη
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐτεθελήκειν / ἐτεθελήκη | ἐτεθελήκεις / ἐτεθελήκης | ἐτεθελήκει(ν) | ἐτεθελήκετον | ἐτεθεληκέτην | ἐτεθελήκεμεν | ἐτεθελήκετε | ἐτεθελήκεσᾰν | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- ἐθέλεχθρος (ethélekhthros)
- ἐθελόδουλος (ethelódoulos)
- ἐθελόκακος (ethelókakos)
- ἐθελοκίνδυνος (ethelokíndunos)
- ἐθελόκωφος (ethelókōphos)
- ἐθελοντηδόν (ethelontēdón)
- ἐθελοντήν (ethelontḗn)
- ἐθελοντήρ (ethelontḗr)
- ἐθελοντής (ethelontḗs)
- ἐθελοντί (ethelontí)
- ἐθελόντως (ethelóntōs)
- ἐθελόπονος (ethelóponos)
- ἐθελουργός (ethelourgós)
- ἐθελούσιος (etheloúsios)
- συνεθέλω (sunethélō)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Greek: θέλω (thélo)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐθέλω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 377
Further reading
[edit]- “ἐθέλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐθέλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐθέλω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐθέλω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἐθέλω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter