でんぐり返る

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Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term
返
かえ > がえ
Grade: 3

Etymology[edit]

Compound of でんぐり (denguri) +‎ 返る (kaeru, “to turn over”).[1][2] The kaeru changes to gaeru as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Sometimes also pronounced without rendaku and with a hard k sound instead, as dengurikaeru.[1][2]

The denguri part is of unclear origin. It only appears in this compound and derived forms.

  • The den portion is most likely the same den found in terms such as でんでん (denden, “one after the next, rolling, continuous”, adverb), itself also found in the compound でんでん太鼓 (denden-daiko, “denden (rolling? continuous?) drum”, a small taiko drum with a handle extending from the bottom and two small balls attached by short strings to each side as strikers, played by holding in one hand and rapidly twisting the handle back and forth).
  • The guri portion is almost certainly 繰り (kuri, “winding, reeling, spinning”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 繰る (kuru, “to wind, to spin, to reel”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Tokyo) でんぐりが​える [dèńgúrígáꜜèrù] (Nakadaka – [5])[2]
  • IPA(key): [dẽ̞ŋɡɯ̟ᵝɾʲiɡa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb[edit]

でんぐり返(がえ)る • (dengurigaeru) intransitive godan (stem でんぐり返(がえ)り (dengurigaeri), past でんぐり返(がえ)った (dengurigaetta))

  1. to turn over, to turn upside-down
  2. to do a somersault (either forwards or backwards)
  3. to be head over heels, to be in disarray, to be very confused

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of "でんぐり返る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") でんぐり返ら でんぐりがえら dengurigaera
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") でんぐり返り でんぐりがえり dengurigaeri
Shūshikei ("terminal") でんぐり返る でんぐりがえる dengurigaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") でんぐり返る でんぐりがえる dengurigaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") でんぐり返れ でんぐりがえれ dengurigaere
Meireikei ("imperative") でんぐり返れ でんぐりがえれ dengurigaere
Key constructions
Passive でんぐり返られる でんぐりがえられる dengurigaerareru
Causative でんぐり返らせる
でんぐり返らす 		でんぐりがえらせる
でんぐりがえらす 		dengurigaeraseru
dengurigaerasu
Potential でんぐり返れる でんぐりがえれる dengurigaereru
Volitional でんぐり返ろう でんぐりがえろう dengurigaerō
Negative でんぐり返らない でんぐりがえらない dengurigaeranai
Negative continuative でんぐり返らず でんぐりがえらず dengurigaerazu
Formal でんぐり返ります でんぐりがえります dengurigaerimasu
Perfective でんぐり返った でんぐりがえった dengurigaetta
Conjunctive でんぐり返って でんぐりがえって dengurigaette
Hypothetical conditional でんぐり返れば でんぐりがえれば dengurigaereba

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Related terms[edit]

Related terms

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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