乗じる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
乗
じょう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
乘じる (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Shift from verb 乗(じょう)ずる (jōzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じょーじる [jòójírú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) じょーじる [jòójíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞ːʑiɾɯ̟]

Verb

乗(じょう)じる • (jōjiru) ichidan (stem 乗(じょう)じ (jōji), past 乗(じょう)じた (jōjita))

to take advantage of
(mathematics) to multiply
to follow blindly
(archaic) to get in or on (a vehicle)
Synonym: 乗る

Conjugation

Conjugation of "乗じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	乗じ	じょうじ	jōji
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	乗じ	じょうじ	jōji
Shūshikei ("terminal")	乗じる	じょうじる	jōjiru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	乗じる	じょうじる	jōjiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	乗じれ	じょうじれ	jōjire
Meireikei ("imperative")	乗じよ¹ 乗じろ²	じょうじよ¹ じょうじろ²	jōjiyo¹ jōjiro²
Key constructions
Passive	乗じられる	じょうじられる	jōjirareru
Causative	乗じさせる乗じさす	じょうじさせるじょうじさす	jōjisaseru jōjisasu
Potential	乗じられる乗じれる³	じょうじられるじょうじれる³	jōjirareru jōjireru³
Volitional	乗じよう	じょうじよう	jōjiyō
Negative	乗じない乗じぬ乗じん	じょうじないじょうじぬじょうじん	jōjinai jōjinu jōjin
Negative continuative	乗じず	じょうじず	jōjizu
Formal	乗じます	じょうじます	jōjimasu
Perfective	乗じた	じょうじた	jōjita
Conjunctive	乗じて	じょうじて	jōjite
Hypothetical conditional	乗じれば	じょうじれば	jōjireba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NHK-1] 1.0 ^1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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