外人

Chinese

		outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external	man; person; people
trad. (外人)		外	人
simp. #(外人)		外	人

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wàirén

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ jan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngoi-ngìn
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gōa-lâng / gōa-lîn / gōa-jîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wàirén
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wàirén
    • Wade–Giles: wai⁴-jên²
    • Yale: wài-rén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayren
    • Palladius: вайжэнь (vajžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngoi⁶ jan⁴
    • Yale: ngoih yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi-ngìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoi nginˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi⁴ ngin²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-lâng
    • Tâi-lô: guā-lâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaxlaang
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-lîn
    • Tâi-lô: guā-lîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaxliin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-jîn
    • Tâi-lô: guā-jîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaxjiin
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ d͡zin¹³/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 外人

1. outsider; stranger
2. non-family member
3. foreigner

Antonyms

• 自己人 (zìjǐrén)

See also

• 內人／内人 (nèirén)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
外	人
がい Grade: 2	じん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology 1

/gwaizin/ > /gaizin/ [gaidʑin]. Literally outside person. From the late 19th on also used for foreigners.

Noun

外(がい)人(じん) • (gaijin) ^{←ぐゎいじん (gwaizin)?}

1. outsider; an estranged, unfamiliar person
   • 995-999: Fusōshū (volume 9; Gunsho Ruijū volume 8, page 578)

     口畔懸河渉漢深。春杉拭盞就花陰。外人傾耳猶添愛、況是堂中父母心。

   • c. 13th century: Heike Monogatari (volume 1, page 123)

     しかるに其恩をわすれて、外人もなき所に兵具をとゝのへ、軍兵をかたらひをき、其營みの他は他事なし。

   • c. 1349: Renri Hishō (page 38)

     但、外人など上手おほからむ座にては、聊か斟酌すべし

   • 1597: Ekirin Setsuyōshū (page 133)

     外人 (グワイジン)

   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 314:

     Guaijin, グヮイジン(外人) Focano fito. (他の人) 他国の人、すなわち、土着の人ではない者.

   • 1617: Gennabon Kagakushū (page 73)

     外人 (グワイジン) 他人也

2. foreigner, especially foreigner in Japan
   • 1875: 文明論之概略 (page 18)

     譬えば頑固なる士民は外国人を悪むを以て常とせり。又学者流の人にても少しく見識ある者は外人の挙動を見て決して心酔するに非ず，之を悦ばざるの心は彼の頑民に異なることなしと云うも可なり。

Usage notes

Today 外人 often has a stereotyped connotation, and 外国人 is used as a neutral term.

Synonyms

• 異人 (ijin)
• 外国人 (gaikokujin)
• 異国人 (ikokujin)
• 異邦人 (ihōjin)

Related terms

Related terms

• 外人記者 (gaijinkisha)
• 外人選手 (gaijinsenshu)
• 外人部隊 (gaijinbutai)
• 外人向き (gaijimmuki)

• 外人向け (gaijimmuke)
• 内外人 (naigaijin)

Etymology 2

Adjective 疎い (utoi, “unacquainted”) in attributive form and 人 (hito, “person”).

Noun

外人(うときひと) • (utoki hito) 

1. an estranged, unfamiliar person
   • c. 11th century: Ruiju Myōgishō

     外人ウトキ人

References

• Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
• Kidō, Saizō with Imoto Nōichi (1961) Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Renga Ronshū, Haironshū (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Anagrams

• 人(じん)外(がい) (jingai)

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Korean

Hanja in this term
外	人

Noun

外人 • (oein) (hangeul 외인)

1. Hanja form^? of 외인 (“foreigner, alien”).