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掻く

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
掻
か
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
搔く (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kak- (“to scratch”).

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

Cognate with 書く (kaku, “to write”).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 掻く
Plain 掻く かく [káꜜkù]
Conjunctive 掻いて かいて [káꜜìtè]
Perfective 掻いた かいた [káꜜìtà]
Negative 掻かない かかない [kàkáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 掻かなかった かかなかった [kàkáꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 掻けば かけば [káꜜkèbà]
Past conditional 掻いたら かいたら [káꜜìtàrà]
Imperative 掻け かけ [káꜜkè]
Volitional 掻こう かこー [kàkóꜜò]
Desiderative 掻きたい かきたい [kàkítáꜜì]
Formal 掻きます かきます [kàkímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 掻きません かきません [kàkímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 掻きましょう かきましょー [kàkímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 掻きました かきました [kàkímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 掻き
掻きに 		かき
かきに 		[káꜜkì]
[káꜜkì nì]
Negative continuative 掻かず
掻かずに 		かかず
かかずに 		[kàkáꜜzù]
[kàkáꜜzù nì]
Passive 掻かれる かかれる [kàkáréꜜrù]
Causative 掻かせる
掻かす 		かかせる
かかす 		[kàkáséꜜrù]
[kàkáꜜsù]
Potential 掻ける かける [kàkéꜜrù]

Verb

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掻(か)く • (kaku) transitive godan (stem 掻(か)き (kaki), past 掻(か)いた (kaita))

  1. to scratch (e.g. one's head)
    頭(あたま)を掻(か)く
    atama o kaku
    to scratch one's head
  2. (unproductive) Dummy verb for various nouns, often with a meaning similar to "to present" or "to give the impression of".
    汗(あせ)を掻(か)く
    ase o kaku
    to sweat
    あぐらをかく
    agura o kaku
    to sit crosslegged
    なきべそをかく
    nakibeso o kaku
    to be on the verge of tears
    恥(はじ)をかく／恥(はじ)をかかせる
    haji o kaku／haji o kakaseru
    to feel shame in public; to humiliate

Usage notes

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  • This term is often spelled in kana.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "掻く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 掻か かか kaka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 掻き かき kaki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 掻く かく kaku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 掻く かく kaku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 掻け かけ kake
Meireikei ("imperative") 掻け かけ kake
Key constructions
Passive 掻かれる かかれる kakareru
Causative 掻かせる
掻かす 		かかせる
かかす 		kakaseru
kakasu
Potential 掻ける かける kakeru
Volitional 掻こう かこう kakō
Negative 掻かない かかない kakanai
Negative continuative 掻かず かかず kakazu
Formal 掻きます かきます kakimasu
Perfective 掻いた かいた kaita
Conjunctive 掻いて かいて kaite
Hypothetical conditional 掻けば かけば kakeba

References

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  1. ^ “掻”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
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