而亦

Old Korean

Etymology

Compare Middle Korean 마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: -màlón, “though, although”), modern Korean 마는 (-maneun, “id.”)

Suffix

而亦 (*-maliye)

1. though; although

   Synonym: 果斗 (*-kwoatwu)

   • 1262, 상서도관첩(尙書都官貼) [sangseodogwancheop, Bequeath of Slaves by the Department of State Affairs to Yu Gyeong]:

     忠臣義士所以推心是如在而亦

     Although loyal ministers and men of valor persevered because of this […]

Reconstruction notes

• Mainly attested in Idu documents. Later Idu textbooks give the hangul spelling 마리여 (Yale: maliye) for this form, whence the reconstruction.

Alternative forms

• 而也 — given in tenth-century hyangga poetry

Further reading

• 김지오 (Kim Ji-o) (2019) “고대국어 연결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [godaegugeo yeon'gyeoreomi yeon'guui hyeonhwanggwa gwaje, The conditions and future tasks of analyzing connective endings in Old Korean]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, pages 55–87