ꜣs

See also: ꜣš

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑs/
  • Conventional anglicization: as

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to rush, make haste, to hurry
2. (transitive) to hurry (someone)
3. (transitive) to overtake (someone)

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣs (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣs, geminated stem: ꜣss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜣs	ꜣsw, ꜣs	ꜣst	ꜣs, j.ꜣs	ꜣs, j.ꜣs

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜣs	ḥr ꜣs	m ꜣs	r ꜣs

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣs.n	ꜣsw, ꜣs	consecutive	ꜣs.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜣst
perfective3	ꜣs	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜣs.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜣs, j.ꜣs1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜣs	ꜣss	potentialis1	ꜣs.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜣs, j.ꜣs1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣs.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜣs	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣs	ꜣss, ꜣssj6, ꜣs2, ꜣsw2 5, ꜣsy2 5
imperfective	j.ꜣs1, ꜣs, ꜣsy, ꜣsw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.ꜣs1, j.ꜣsw1 5, ꜣs, ꜣsj6, ꜣsy6	ꜣs, ꜣsw5
prospective	ꜣs, ꜣstj7	—	ꜣstj4, ꜣst4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Demotic: ys
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲥ (iōs), stative ⲓⲏⲥ (iēs)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲥ (iōs), stative ⲉⲓⲉⲥ (eies)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 181, 230.
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 48