ꜥb

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːb/
  • Conventional anglicization: ab

Etymology 1

Possibly related to Arabic عَابَ (ʕāba, “to shame, to disgrace”).

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to make dirty or impure, to pollute

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜥb, geminated stem: ꜥbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜥb	ꜥbw, ꜥb	ꜥbt	ꜥb, j.ꜥb	ꜥb, j.ꜥb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜥb	ḥr ꜥb	m ꜥb	r ꜥb

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜥb.n	ꜥbw, ꜥb	consecutive	ꜥb.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜥbt
perfective3	ꜥb	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜥb.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜥb, j.ꜥb1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜥb	ꜥbb	potentialis1	ꜥb.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜥb, j.ꜥb1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜥb.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜥb	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥb	ꜥbb, ꜥbbj6, ꜥb2, ꜥbw2 5, ꜥby2 5
imperfective	j.ꜥb1, ꜥb, ꜥby, ꜥbw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.ꜥb1, j.ꜥbw1 5, ꜥb, ꜥbj6, ꜥby6	ꜥb, ꜥbw5
prospective	ꜥb, ꜥbtj7	—	ꜥbtj4, ꜥbt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• ꜥbw

Etymology 2

Noun

 m

1. horn
2. flank (of an army)

Inflection

Declension of ꜥb (masculine)

singular	ꜥb
dual	ꜥbwj
plural	ꜥbw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥb  

ꜥb

Noun

 m

1. horned crocodile

Inflection

Declension of ꜥb (masculine)

singular	ꜥb
dual	ꜥbwj
plural	ꜥbw

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 150, 335, 457.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 176.1