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Egyptian [ edit ] Pronunciation [ edit ] 3-lit.
( transitive ) equip ( transitive , in the stative) master (a skill or craft)( intransitive ) equipped (+ m Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of ꜥpr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥpr , geminated stem: ꜥprr
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜥpr ꜥprw , ꜥpr ꜥprt ꜥpr ꜥpr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ꜥpr ḥr ꜥpr m ꜥpr r ꜥpr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ꜥpr.n ꜥprw , ꜥpr consecutive
ꜥpr.jn active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ꜥprt
perfective 3
ꜥpr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 obligative1
ꜥpr.ḫr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ꜥpr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ꜥpr ꜥprr potentialis1
ꜥpr.kꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ꜥpr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜥpr.n active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 —
—
perfective
ꜥpr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 ꜥpr ꜥpr , ꜥprw 5 , ꜥpry 5
imperfective
ꜥpr , ꜥpry , ꜥprw 5 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 ꜥpr , ꜥprj 6 , ꜥpry 6 ꜥpr , ꜥprw 5
prospective
ꜥpr , ꜥprtj 7 —
ꜥprtj 4 , ꜥprt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥpr
References [ edit ] James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN pages 274, 317 Hoch, James (1997 ) Middle Egyptian Grammar , Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN page 146 Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] →ISBN pages 180.8-23 "ꜥpr" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (37090)
