가져오다

Korean

Etymology

가지- (gaji-, “to have”)+ -어 (-eo, infinitive suffix) + 오다 (oda, “to come”).

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 가져〮오다〮 (Yale: kàcyé-wòtá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠d͡ʑʌ̹o̞da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [가저오다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gajeooda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gajyeooda
McCune–Reischauer?	kajŏoda
Yale Romanization?	kacyeota

Verb

가져오다 • (gajeooda) (infinitive 가져와, sequential 가져오니) (transitive)

1. to bring something

   Antonym: 가져가다 (gajeogada)

   저는 저의 숙제를 가져왔습니다.

   Jeo-neun jeo-ui sukje-reul gajeowatseumnida.

   I brought my homework.

   그 학생은 숙제를 가져오지 않았다.

   Geu haksaeng-eun sukje-reul gajeoo-ji anatda.

   That student didn’t bring his homework.

2. to incur; to entail

Usage notes

• It is quite easy to confuse 가져오다 (gajeooda) with 가져가다 (gajeogada), because both of them can be translated as “bring”. However, the key difference between them is that they indicate the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker. In other words, the difference is whether the acting agent is “going to” or “coming to” the speaker.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 가져오다 (gajeooda): vowel-stem, 오(o)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	가져온다 gajeoonda	가져와 gajeowa	가져와요 gajeowayo	가져옵니다 gajeoomnida
	Past	가져왔다 gajeowatda	가져왔어 gajeowasseo	가져왔어요 gajeowasseoyo	가져왔습니다 gajeowatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	가져오느냐 gajeooneunya	가져와 gajeowa	가져와요 gajeowayo	가져옵니까 gajeoomnikka
	Past	가져왔느냐 gajeowanneunya	가져왔어 gajeowasseo	가져왔어요 gajeowasseoyo	가져왔습니까 gajeowatseumnikka
Hortative		가져오자 gajeooja	가져와 gajeowa	가져와요 gajeowayo	가져오십시다 gajeoosipsida
Imperative		가져오너라, 가져와라 gajeooneora, gajeowara	가져와 gajeowa	가져와요 gajeowayo	가져옵시오 gajeoopsio
Assertive		가져오겠다 gajeoogetda	가져오겠어 gajeoogesseo	가져오겠어요 gajeoogesseoyo	가져오겠습니다 gajeoogetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		가져와 gajeowa	가져와서 gajeowaseo	가져오니 gajeooni	가져오니까 gajeoonikka
Contrast		가져오지만 gajeoojiman	가져오는데 gajeooneunde	가져오더니 gajeoodeoni
Conjunction		가져오고 gajeoogo
Condition		가져오면 gajeoomyeon	가져와야 gajeowaya
Motive		가져오려고 gajeooryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		가져옴 gajeoom	가져오기 gajeoogi
Past-tense verbal nouns		가져왔음 gajeowasseum	가져왔기 gajeowatgi
Determiners	Past	가져온 gajeoon
	Present	가져오는 gajeooneun
	Future	가져올 gajeool

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	가져오신다 gajeoosinda	가져오셔 gajeoosyeo	가져오세요, 가져오셔요 gajeooseyo, gajeoosyeoyo	가져오십니다 gajeoosimnida
	Past	가져오셨다 gajeoosyeotda	가져오셨어 gajeoosyeosseo	가져오셨어요 gajeoosyeosseoyo	가져오셨습니다 gajeoosyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	가져오시느냐 gajeoosineunya	가져오셔 gajeoosyeo	가져오세요, 가져오셔요 gajeooseyo, gajeoosyeoyo	가져오십니까 gajeoosimnikka
	Past	가져오셨느냐 gajeoosyeonneunya	가져오셨어 gajeoosyeosseo	가져오셨어요 gajeoosyeosseoyo	가져오셨습니까 gajeoosyeotseumnikka
Imperative		가져오시라 gajeoosira	가져오셔 gajeoosyeo	가져오세요 gajeooseyo	가져오십시오 gajeoosipsio
Assertive		가져오시겠다 gajeoosigetda	가져오시겠어 gajeoosigesseo	가져오시겠어요 gajeoosigesseoyo	가져오시겠습니다 gajeoosigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		가져오셔 gajeoosyeo	가져오셔서 gajeoosyeoseo	가져오시니 gajeoosini	가져오시니까 gajeoosinikka
Contrast		가져오시지만 gajeoosijiman	가져오시는데 gajeoosineunde	가져오시더니 gajeoosideoni
Conjunction		가져오시고 gajeoosigo
Condition		가져오시면 gajeoosimyeon	가져오셔야 gajeoosyeoya
Motive		가져오시려고 gajeoosiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		가져오심 gajeoosim	가져오시기 gajeoosigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		가져오셨음 gajeoosyeosseum	가져오셨기 gajeoosyeotgi
Determiners	Past	가져오신 gajeoosin
	Present	가져오시는 gajeoosineun
	Future	가져오실 gajeoosil

Middle Korean

Etymology

가지- (kaci-, “to take”) +‎ -어 (-e, “to come”) +‎ 오다 (wota).

Pronunciation

• (Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽kàt͡sjɘ́-o^H!tá⫽

Verb

가져〮오다〮 (kàcyé-wòtá) (infinitive 가져〮와〮, sequential 가져〮오니〮)

1. (transitive) to take, to bring (something somewhere)
   • 1514, 속삼강행실도 (Sok Samgang Haengsildo), page 28a:

     고기 네-히 ᄠᅱ여나거늘 가-져와 머기니 病(벼ᇰ)이 즉재 됴ᄒᆞ니라

     kwoki neyh-i ptwuy-ye-na-kenul kacye-wa meki-ni PYENG-i cukcay tywoho-nila

     Four fish jumped out, so he brought it and and fed it to him, which made the illness better.

Descendants

• Korean: 가져오다 (gajeooda)