웅크리다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Originally an emphatic aspirated variant of earlier and now rare 웅그리다 (unggeurida), part of a wider family of movement-related verbs from an ancient ideophonic root /om~um/. Compare 움직이다 (umjigida, “to move”), 오므리다 (omeurida, “to cup one's hands”), 움츠리다 (umcheurida, “to shrink; to cringe”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [uŋkxɯɾida̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [웅크리다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ungkeurida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ungkeulida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ungk'ŭrida |
| Yale Romanization? | wungkhulita |
Verb[edit]
웅크리다 • (ungkeurida) (infinitive 웅크려 or 웅크리어, sequential 웅크리니)
- (transitive) to crouch; to cause to crouch (a body part)
- (intransitive, figurative, of emotions, etc.) to exist in a suppressed or hidden state (usually as 웅크리고 있다 (ungkeurigo itda))
- 2009, 김미도 [gimmido, Kim Mi-do], “과학과 연극의 만남, 그 의미와 성과 [gwahakgwa yeon'geugui mannam, geu uimiwa seonggwa]”, in Gongyeon-gwa ribyu[1], volume 67, pages 38—46:
Conjugation[edit]
Selected forms of the verb 웅크리다 (ungkeurida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 웅크린다 ungkeurinda |
웅크려 ungkeuryeo |
웅크려요, 웅크리어요 ungkeuryeoyo, ungkeurieoyo |
웅크립니다 ungkeurimnida |
| Past | 웅크렸다 ungkeuryeotda |
웅크렸어 ungkeuryeosseo |
웅크렸어요 ungkeuryeosseoyo |
웅크렸습니다 ungkeuryeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 웅크리느냐 ungkeurineunya |
웅크려 ungkeuryeo |
웅크려요, 웅크리어요 ungkeuryeoyo, ungkeurieoyo |
웅크립니까 ungkeurimnikka |
| Past | 웅크렸느냐 ungkeuryeonneunya |
웅크렸어 ungkeuryeosseo |
웅크렸어요 ungkeuryeosseoyo |
웅크렸습니까 ungkeuryeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 웅크리자 ungkeurija |
웅크려 ungkeuryeo |
웅크려요, 웅크리어요 ungkeuryeoyo, ungkeurieoyo |
웅크리십시다 ungkeurisipsida | |
| Imperative | 웅크려라, 웅크리어라 ungkeuryeora, ungkeurieora |
웅크려 ungkeuryeo |
웅크려요, 웅크리어요 ungkeuryeoyo, ungkeurieoyo |
웅크립시오 ungkeuripsio | |
| Assertive | 웅크리겠다 ungkeurigetda |
웅크리겠어 ungkeurigesseo |
웅크리겠어요 ungkeurigesseoyo |
웅크리겠습니다 ungkeurigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 웅크려 ungkeuryeo |
웅크려서, 웅크리어서 ungkeuryeoseo, ungkeurieoseo |
웅크리니 ungkeurini |
웅크리니까 ungkeurinikka | |
| Contrast | 웅크리지만 ungkeurijiman |
웅크리는데 ungkeurineunde |
웅크리더니 ungkeurideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 웅크리고 ungkeurigo |
||||
| Condition | 웅크리면 ungkeurimyeon |
웅크려야, 웅크리어야 ungkeuryeoya, ungkeurieoya |
|||
| Motive | 웅크리려고 ungkeuriryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 웅크림 ungkeurim |
웅크리기 ungkeurigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 웅크렸음, 웅크리었음 ungkeuryeosseum, ungkeurieosseum |
웅크렸기, 웅크리었기 ungkeuryeotgi, ungkeurieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 웅크린 ungkeurin | |||
| Present | 웅크리는 ungkeurineun | ||||
| Future | 웅크릴 ungkeuril | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 웅크리신다 ungkeurisinda |
웅크리셔 ungkeurisyeo |
웅크리세요, 웅크리셔요 ungkeuriseyo, ungkeurisyeoyo |
웅크리십니다 ungkeurisimnida |
| Past | 웅크리셨다 ungkeurisyeotda |
웅크리셨어 ungkeurisyeosseo |
웅크리셨어요 ungkeurisyeosseoyo |
웅크리셨습니다 ungkeurisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 웅크리시느냐 ungkeurisineunya |
웅크리셔 ungkeurisyeo |
웅크리세요, 웅크리셔요 ungkeuriseyo, ungkeurisyeoyo |
웅크리십니까 ungkeurisimnikka |
| Past | 웅크리셨느냐 ungkeurisyeonneunya |
웅크리셨어 ungkeurisyeosseo |
웅크리셨어요 ungkeurisyeosseoyo |
웅크리셨습니까 ungkeurisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 웅크리시라 ungkeurisira |
웅크리셔 ungkeurisyeo |
웅크리세요 ungkeuriseyo |
웅크리십시오 ungkeurisipsio | |
| Assertive | 웅크리시겠다 ungkeurisigetda |
웅크리시겠어 ungkeurisigesseo |
웅크리시겠어요 ungkeurisigesseoyo |
웅크리시겠습니다 ungkeurisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 웅크리셔 ungkeurisyeo |
웅크리셔서 ungkeurisyeoseo |
웅크리시니 ungkeurisini |
웅크리시니까 ungkeurisinikka | |
| Contrast | 웅크리시지만 ungkeurisijiman |
웅크리시는데 ungkeurisineunde |
웅크리시더니 ungkeurisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 웅크리시고 ungkeurisigo |
||||
| Condition | 웅크리시면 ungkeurisimyeon |
웅크리셔야 ungkeurisyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 웅크리시려고 ungkeurisiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 웅크리심 ungkeurisim |
웅크리시기 ungkeurisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 웅크리셨음 ungkeurisyeosseum |
웅크리셨기 ungkeurisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 웅크리신 ungkeurisin | |||
| Present | 웅크리시는 ungkeurisineun | ||||
| Future | 웅크리실 ungkeurisil | ||||