푸르다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 프르다 (Yale: puluta). Derived from 풀 (pul, “grass”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰuɾɯda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [푸르다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	pureuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	puleuda
McCune–Reischauer?	p'urŭda
Yale Romanization?	phuluta

Adjective

푸르다 • (pureuda) (infinitive 푸르러, sequential 푸르니)

1. (to be) blue; (to be) green

   푸른 하늘

   pureun haneul

   azure sky

2. (to be) fresh

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 푸르다 (pureuda): vowel-stem, 러(reo)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	푸르다 pureuda	푸르러 pureureo	푸르러요 pureureoyo	푸릅니다 pureumnida
	Past	푸르렀다 pureureotda	푸르렀어 pureureosseo	푸르렀어요 pureureosseoyo	푸르렀습니다 pureureotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	푸르냐 pureunya	푸르러 pureureo	푸르러요 pureureoyo	푸릅니까 pureumnikka
	Past	푸르렀냐 pureureonnya	푸르렀어 pureureosseo	푸르렀어요 pureureosseoyo	푸르렀습니까 pureureotseumnikka
Assertive		푸르겠다 pureugetda	푸르겠어 pureugesseo	푸르겠어요 pureugesseoyo	푸르겠습니다 pureugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		푸르러 pureureo	푸르러서 pureureoseo	푸르니 pureuni	푸르니까 pureunikka
Contrast		푸르지만 pureujiman	푸른데 pureunde	푸르더니 pureudeoni
Conjunction		푸르고 pureugo
Condition		푸르면 pureumyeon	푸르러야 pureureoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		푸름 pureum	푸르기 pureugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		푸르렀음 pureureosseum	푸르렀기 pureureotgi
Determiners	Present		푸른 pureun
	Future		푸를 pureul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	푸르시다 pureusida	푸르셔 pureusyeo	푸르세요, 푸르셔요 pureuseyo, pureusyeoyo	푸르십니다 pureusimnida
	Past	푸르셨다 pureusyeotda	푸르셨어 pureusyeosseo	푸르셨어요 pureusyeosseoyo	푸르셨습니다 pureusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	푸르시냐 pureusinya	푸르셔 pureusyeo	푸르세요, 푸르셔요 pureuseyo, pureusyeoyo	푸르십니까 pureusimnikka
	Past	푸르셨냐 pureusyeonnya	푸르셨어 pureusyeosseo	푸르셨어요 pureusyeosseoyo	푸르셨습니까 pureusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		푸르시겠다 pureusigetda	푸르시겠어 pureusigesseo	푸르시겠어요 pureusigesseoyo	푸르시겠습니다 pureusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		푸르셔 pureusyeo	푸르셔서 pureusyeoseo	푸르시니 pureusini	푸르시니까 pureusinikka
Contrast		푸르시지만 pureusijiman	푸르신데 pureusinde	푸르시더니 pureusideoni
Conjunction		푸르시고 pureusigo
Condition		푸르시면 pureusimyeon	푸르셔야 pureusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		푸르심 pureusim	푸르시기 pureusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		푸르셨음 pureusyeosseum	푸르셨기 pureusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		푸르신 pureusin
	Future		푸르실 pureusil

Synonyms

• 파랗다 (parata, “to be blue; green”)
• 청 (靑, cheong, “blue; green”)
• 녹 (綠, nok, “green; rust”)

Derived terms

• 검푸르다 (geompureuda, “to be black and blue”)
• 푸르스름하다 (pureuseureumhada, “to be bluish; greenish”)
• 푸릇푸릇하다 (pureutpureuthada, “to be bluish”)
• 푸성귀 (puseonggwi, “greens, vegetables”)
• 풋– (put–, “green, fresh, unripe, inexperienced”)
• 풋나기 (punnagi, “inexperienced person, amateur, beginner, novice”)
• 풋내 (punnae, “smell of (unripe) greens”)