𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼

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Gothic

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém) or Latin Bēthlehēmum,[1] ultimately from Biblical Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bêṯ leḥem).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /beːθ.lɛ.hɛːm/, (speculative) [ˈbeː.θlɛ.hɛːm], [beːθ.lɛˈhɛm]

Proper noun

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𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼 (bēþlaihaim? [2]

  1. Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine), believed to be the birthplace of Jesus.
    • Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of John (Codex Argenteus) 7:42.[3]:
      𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃 𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃𐌰, 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌳, 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌸?
      niu gamēleins qaþ þatei us fraiwa daweidis jah us bēþlaihaim weihsa, þarei was daweid, xristus qimiþ?
      Hath not the scripture said, That Christ cometh of the seed of David, and out of the town of Bethlehem, where David was? (KJV).

Declension

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Appears indeclinable, except for the outlying genitive singular 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃 (biþlaihaimis) from the Book of Nehemiah.[4]

Loanword; irregular/mixed declension
Singular Plural
Nominative 𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼, 𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼
bēþlaihaim, bēþlahaim
Vocative
Accusative 𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼, 𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼
bēþlaihaim, bēþlahaim
Genitive 𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃, 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃
bēþlaihaimis, biþlaihaimis
Dative 𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼
bēþlaihaim

References

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  1. ^ The Gothic form showing intervocalic /h/, which the Greek lacks, could suggest Latin origin or influence but this remains indecisive.
  2. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 19
  3. ^ [1] Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-09-27 by TDH.
  4. ^ Note that although this genitive form is the standard reading of the Nehemiah fragment in question, see:
    • Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Book of Nehemiah (Codex Ambrosianus D) 7:26:
      𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌴 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃 ·𐍂· ·𐌺· ·𐌲· (123) . — 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌴 𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍉𐍆𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 ·𐍂· ·𐌹· ·𐌵· (116) . —
      suniwē biþlaihaimis ·r· ·k· ·g· (123) . — suniwē naitōfaþeis ·r· ·i· ·q· (116) . —
      The men of Bethlehem and Netophah, an hundred fourscore and eight. (KJV).
      [2] Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
    including in Streitberg's authoritative 1910 Bible edition, Streitberg's accompanying Wörterbuch (see above) notes a more uncertain B[iaa]aiþlaem.