πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (stōjan).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈstoːjan/

Verb[edit]

πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gastōjan)

  1. to judge, to sentence
    • 1 Corinthians 5:3:
      […] 𐌾𐌿 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πƒπ…πŒ΄ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπƒ 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 πƒπ…πŒ° πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° πŒ²πŒ°π„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½
      […] ju gastauida swΔ“ andwairΓΎs ΓΎana swa ΓΎata gataujandan
      For I […] have judged already, as though I were present, concerning him that hath so done this deed (KJV)
  2. to determine
    • 2 Corinthians 2:1:
      𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ±π‰ πŒ°π„ πŒΌπŒΉπƒ, 𐌴𐌹 πŒ°π†π„π‚πŒ° 𐌹𐌽 πƒπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πŒ°πŒΉ 𐌽𐌹 𐌡𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿 πŒ°π„ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ.
      aþþan gastauida þata silbō at mis, ei aftra in saurgai ni qimau at izwis.
      But I determined this with myself, that I would not come again to you in heaviness. (KJV)

Conjugation[edit]

Class 1 weak irregular
Infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gastōjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°
gastōja 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gastauida 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gastōjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒΉπƒ
gastōjis 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gastauidΔ“s 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gastōjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
gastōjiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gastauida 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gastōjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gastōjōs 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gastauidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gastōjats 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gastauidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gastōjam 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gastauidΔ“dum 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gastōjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
gastōjiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gastauidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gastōjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gastōjand 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gastauidΔ“dun 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gastōjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gastōjau 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gastauidΔ“djau 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gastōjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gastōjais 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gastauidΔ“deis 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gastōjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gastōjai 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gastauidΔ“di 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gastōjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gastōjaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gastauidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gastōjaits 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gastauidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gastōjaima 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gastauidΔ“deima 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gastōjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gastōjaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gastauidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gastōjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gastōjaina 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gastauidΔ“deina 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gastōjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒ΄πŒΉ
gastōei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gastōjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gastōjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
gastōjiþ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gastōjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„π‰πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gastōjands 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gastauiΓΎs

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 131
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