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-άς

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Ancient Greek

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    Related to -άζω (-ázō, verb-forming suffix) and possibly -ων (-ōn). Cognate with Sanskrit -अत् (-at) and Hittite -𒀭𒍝.

    Suffix

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    -ᾰ́ς (-ắsf (genitive -ᾰ́δος); third declension

    1. Forms nouns with participial function.
      λᾰ́μπω (lắmpō, shine) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎λαμπάς (lampás, torch)
      φεύγω (pheúgō, to flee) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎φυγάς (phugás, an exile)
    2. Forms nouns with collective function.
      νείφω (neíphō, to snow) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎νιφάς (niphás, snowstorm)
    3. Forms designations of young animals.
      κεμάς (kemás, pricket)
    4. Forms derivatives of nasal stems extended with -t-.
      ἰκμαίνω (ikmaínō, to moisten) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎ἰκμάς (ikmás, moisture)
      ἐμβαίνω (embaínō, to enter) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎ἐμβάς (embás, slipper)
    5. Forms abstract or collective nouns of number from numerals.
      δέκᾰ (dékă, ten) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎δεκάς (dekás, the number ten, group of ten)
    Usage notes
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    If a verb-stem varies in grade, the resulting noun is usually in the o-grade (or, failing that, the zero-grade), e.g. στρέφω (stréphō)στροφάς (strophás); νείφω (neíphō)νιφάς (niphás). The resulting substantive usually has nominal force, but sometimes has adjectival force.

    Inflection
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    References

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    • Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 354
    • Birgit A. Olsen (1989) “A Trace of Indo-European Accent in Armenian”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics[1], pages 235-240

    Etymology 2

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      Possibly related to -ις (-is), also to Etymology 1. The form -ιάς (-iás) comes from analogy to forms like Θεστιάς (Thestiás) from Θέστιος (Théstios).

      Alternative forms

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      Suffix

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      -ᾰ́ς (-ắsf (genitive -ᾰ́δος); third declension

      1. Forms feminine adjectives or nouns.
        Δηλιάς (Dēliás, female Delian)
      2. Forms female patronymics from name of father.
        Θεστιάς (Thestiás, daughter of Thestius)
      Inflection
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      Derived terms

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      See also

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      References

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      • Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 845

      Greek

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      Etymology

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      From Ancient Greek -άς (-ás).

      Pronunciation

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      Suffix

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      -άς (-ásm (feminine -ού)

      1. added to another noun to create agent nouns:
        μύλος (mýlos, mill) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎μυλωνάς (mylonás, miller)
        γάλα (gála, milk) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎γαλατάς (galatás, milkman, dairyman)
        γυναίκα (gynaíka, woman) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎γυναικάς (gynaikás, womaniser)
        φαγητό (fagitó, food) + ‎-άς (-ás) → ‎φαγάς (fagás, gourmand, greedy guts)

      Declension

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      Declension of -άς
      singular plural
      nominative -άς (-ás) -άδες (-ádes)
      genitive () -άδων (-ádon)
      accusative () -άδες (-ádes)
      vocative () -άδες (-ádes)

      Derived terms

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