φεύγω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *pʰéugō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to flee”).[1] Related to φυγή (phugḗ, verbal noun) and Latin fugiō.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰěu̯.ɡɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰew.ɡo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸeβ.ɣo/
- (10th CE Medieval) IPA(key): /ˈfev.ɣo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfev.ɣo/
Verb
[edit]φεύγω • (pheúgō)
- (intransitive) to flee, run off, go a certain direction with haste (often with prepositions)
- (transitive) to flee, escape, avoid, get away from (danger or trouble)
- (transitive or intransitive) to leave the country, go into exile
- (intransitive) to be exiled, banished, driven out of the country [with ὑπό (hupó, + genitive) ‘by someone’]
- (intransitive, present and imperfect) to be in exile, live in banishment
- (perfect) to have escaped, be safe from
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.11–12:
- ἔνθ’ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον
οἴκοι ἔσαν, πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν·- énth’ álloi mèn pántes, hósoi phúgon aipùn ólethron
oíkoi ésan, pólemón te pepheugótes ēdè thálassan; - At that time, all the others that had fled sheer destruction
were at home, having escaped war and the sea.
- énth’ álloi mèn pántes, hósoi phúgon aipùn ólethron
- ἔνθ’ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον
- (law, chiefly present and imperfect) to be accused of a crime; often with δίκην (díkēn) and genitive of the crime
Usage notes
[edit]The present and imperfect often have a conative reading: to try to get away, intend to leave.
Inflection
[edit]Future active only appears in Koine Greek, in the form ἐκφεύξω (ekpheúxō).
Present: φεύγω, φεύγομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφευγον | ἔφευγες | ἔφευγε(ν) | ἐφεύγετον | ἐφευγέτην | ἐφεύγομεν | ἐφεύγετε | ἔφευγον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐφευγόμην | ἐφεύγου | ἐφεύγετο | ἐφεύγεσθον | ἐφευγέσθην | ἐφευγόμεθᾰ | ἐφεύγεσθε | ἐφεύγοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φεῦγον | φεῦγες | φεῦγε(ν) | φεύγετον | φευγέτην | φεύγομεν | φεύγετε | φεῦγον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | φευγόμην | φεύγεο, φεύγευ |
φεύγετο | φεύγεσθον | φευγέσθην | φευγόμε(σ)θᾰ | φεύγεσθε | φεύγοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: φεύγεσκον, φευγεσκόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φεύγεσκον | φεύγεσκες | φεύγεσκε(ν) | φευγέσκετον | φευγεσκέτην | φευγέσκομεν | φευγέσκετε | φεύγεσκον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | φευγεσκόμην | φευγέσκου | φευγέσκετο | φευγέσκεσθον | φευγεσκέσθην | φευγεσκόμεθᾰ | φευγέσκεσθε | φευγέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: φεύξομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | φεύξομαι | φεύξῃ, φεύξει |
φεύξεται | φεύξεσθον | φεύξεσθον | φευξόμεθᾰ | φεύξεσθε | φεύξονται | ||||
| optative | φευξοίμην | φεύξοιο | φεύξοιτο | φεύξοισθον | φευξοίσθην | φευξοίμεθᾰ | φεύξοισθε | φεύξοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φεύξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φευξόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | φευξομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | φευξόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | indicative | φεύξω | φεύξεις | φεύξει | φεύξετον | φεύξετον | φεύξομεν | φεύξετε | φεύξουσῐ(ν) |
| optative | φεύξοιμῐ | φεύξοις | φεύξοι | φεύξοιτον | φευξοίτην | φεύξοιμεν | φεύξοιτε | φεύξοιεν | |
| active | |||||||||
| infinitive | φεύξειν | ||||||||
| participle | m | φεύξων | |||||||
| f | φεύξουσᾰ | ||||||||
| n | φεῦξον | ||||||||
Aorist: ἔφῠγον
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφῠγον | ἔφῠγες | ἔφῠγε(ν) | ἐφῠ́γετον | ἐφῠγέτην | ἐφῠ́γομεν | ἐφῠ́γετε | ἔφῠγον | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠ́γω | φῠ́γῃς | φῠ́γῃ | φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γωμεν | φῠ́γητε | φῠ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠ́γοιμῐ | φῠ́γοις | φῠ́γοι | φῠ́γοιτον | φῠγοίτην | φῠ́γοιμεν | φῠ́γοιτε | φῠ́γοιεν | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́γε | φῠγέτω | φῠ́γετον | φῠγέτων | φῠ́γετε | φῠγόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠγεῖν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠγών | |||||||||||
| f | φῠγοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | φῠγόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῠ́γον | φῠ́γες | φῠ́γε(ν) | φῠ́γετον | φῠγέτην | φῠ́γομεν | φῠ́γετε | φῠ́γον | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠ́γω(μῐ) | φῠ́γῃσ(θᾰ) | φῠ́γῃσῐ(ν), φῠ́γῃ |
φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γωμεν | φῠ́γητε | φῠ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠ́γοιμῐ | φῠ́γοισ(θᾰ) | φῠ́γοι | φῠ́γοιτον | φῠγοίτην | φῠ́γοιμεν | φῠ́γοιτε | φῠ́γοιεν | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́γε | φῠγέτω | φῠ́γετον | φῠγέτων | φῠ́γετε | φῠγόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠγέειν, φῠγεῖν, φῠγέμεν(αι) |
||||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠγών | |||||||||||
| f | φῠγοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | φῠγόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῠ́γεσκον | φῠ́γεσκες | φῠ́γεσκε(ν) | φῠγέσκετον | φῠγεσκέτην | φῠγέσκομεν | φῠγέσκετε | φῠ́γεσκον | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “to flee, be accused”): διώκω (diṓkō, “to pursue, accuse”)
Derived terms
[edit]- with prepositional prefixes
- ἀναφεύγω (anapheúgō)
- ἀποφεύγω (apopheúgō)
- διαφεύγω (diapheúgō)
- διεκφεύγω (diekpheúgō)
- ἐκφεύγω (ekpheúgō)
- καταφεύγω (katapheúgō)
- περιφεύγω (peripheúgō)
- προφεύγω (propheúgō)
- προκαταφεύγω (prokatapheúgō)
- προσφεύγω (prospheúgō)
- συμφεύγω (sumpheúgō)
- ὑπεκφεύγω (hupekpheúgō)
- ὑπεκπροφεύγω (hupekpropheúgō)
- ὑποφεύγω (hupopheúgō)
- suffixed
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Mariupol Greek: фегну (fjehnu)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “φεύγω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1564
Further reading
[edit]- “φεύγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φεύγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φεύγω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- “φεύγω” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- φεύγω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φεύγω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Strong, James (1979), “G5343”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- φεύγω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek φεύγω (pheúgō, “flee”) (the sense "leave" since mediaeval times. From Proto-Hellenic *pʰéugō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg-. Has been displaced by δραπετεύω (drapetévo) in the Ancient Greek sense of "to flee".
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]φεύγω • (févgo) (past έφυγα, passive —)
- (intransitive) to leave, depart, go
- πότε φεύγει; ― póte févgei; ― when does it leave?
- (transitive) to leave from, depart from [with από]
- Το πλοίο φεύγει από τον Πειραιά.
- To ploío févgei apó ton Peiraiá.
- The boat leaves from Piraeus.
Conjugation
[edit]φεύγω (active forms only)
| Active voice ➤ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | φεύγω | φύγω | ||
| 2 sg | φεύγεις | φύγεις | ||
| 3 sg | φεύγει | φύγει | ||
| 1 pl | φεύγουμε, [φεύγομε] | φύγουμε, [φύγομε] | ||
| 2 pl | φεύγετε | φύγετε | ||
| 3 pl | φεύγουν(ε) | φύγουν(ε) | ||
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | έφευγα | έφυγα | ||
| 2 sg | έφευγες | έφυγες | ||
| 3 sg | έφευγε | έφυγε | ||
| 1 pl | φεύγαμε | φύγαμε | ||
| 2 pl | φεύγατε | φύγατε | ||
| 3 pl | έφευγαν, φεύγαν(ε) | έφυγαν, φύγαν(ε) | ||
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | θα φεύγω ➤ | θα φύγω ➤ | ||
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα φεύγεις, … | θα φύγεις, … | ||
| Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … φύγει | |||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … φύγει | |||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φύγει | |||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
| 2 sg | φεύγε | φύγε, φεύγα | ||
| 2 pl | φεύγετε | φύγετε, φευγάτε1 | ||
| Other forms | ||||
| Active present participle ➤ | φεύγοντας ➤ | |||
| Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας φύγει ➤ | |||
| Passive perfect participle ➤ | — | |||
| Nonfinite form ➤ | φύγει | |||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Colloquial. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
[edit]- αναχωρώ (anachoró)
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- όπου φύγει φύγει (ópou fýgei fýgei)
Related terms
[edit]Compounds
- αποφεύγω (apofévgo, “avoid”)
- διαφεύγω (diafévgo, “escape, elude”)
- εκφεύγω (ekfévgo)
- καταφεύγω (katafévgo, “take refuge”)
- ξαναφεύγω (xanafévgo, “depart again”)
- ξεφεύγω (xefévgo)
- προσφεύγω (prosfévgo)
- υπεκφεύγω (ypekfévgo)
- φοροαποφεύγω (foroapofévgo)
- φοροδιαφεύγω (forodiafévgo)
Stems φευγ- φυγ- φευκ-
- αναπόφευκτος (anapófefktos, “unavoidable”)
- αφεύγατος (afévgatos, “unavoidable”) (literary)
- άφευκτος (áfefktos, “unavoidable”)
- άφευχτος (áfefchtos, “unavoidable”)
- καταφύγιο<g:n><t:shelter> and see καταφεύγω (katafévgo)
- κεντρόφυγος (kentrófygos)
- κρησφύγετο n (krisfýgeto)
- πρόσφυγας m (prósfygas, “refugee”) and see προσφεύγω (prosfévgo)
- φεύγα n (févga, “a backgammon game”)
- φευγάλα f (fevgála)
- φευγαλέος (fevgaléos)
- φευγατίζω (fevgatízo)
- φευγάτος (fevgátos, “gone; ready to go; inattentive”)
- φευγιό n (fevgió)
- φοροφυγάς m (forofygás)
- φυγάδευση f (fygádefsi)
- φυγαδεύω (fygadévo)
- φυγάς m (fygás, “fugitive”)
- φυγή f (fygí, “escape, flight”)
- φυγο- (fygo-) (compounds)
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- φεύγω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewg- (flee)
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek intransitive verbs
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Law
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek transitive verbs
- Greek verb conjugation group 'φεύγω'
- Greek active-only verbs