-utua

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See also: utua

Finnish

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Etymology

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-ua (passive suffix) +‎ -tua. Verbs such as sekau(d)a ~ sekauta can be found in some dialects.[1] Traditionally an eastern dialectal form, while western dialects preferred -Vntua. The denominal suffix may be partially from -uus, -us (suffix forming nouns from adjectives, stem -(u)ut(e)) + -ua, but is likely just transferred from the deverbal suffix.

Suffix

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-utua (front vowel harmony variant -ytyä, stem -utu-, linguistic notation -UtU- or -UtUA)

  1. (deverbative) Forms reflexive or translative intransitive verbs.
  2. (denominal) Forms translative verbs from nouns and adjectives.
    apeutuato become depressed
    rantautuato go ashore

Usage notes

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Used on verbs ending in vowel + -a/, vowel + -ta/-tä, or on nouns.

Conjugation

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Inflection of -utua (Kotus type 52*F/sanoa, t-d gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -udun en -udu 1st sing. olen -utunut en ole -utunut
2nd sing. -udut et -udu 2nd sing. olet -utunut et ole -utunut
3rd sing. -utuu ei -udu 3rd sing. on -utunut ei ole -utunut
1st plur. -udumme emme -udu 1st plur. olemme -utuneet emme ole -utuneet
2nd plur. -udutte ette -udu 2nd plur. olette -utuneet ette ole -utuneet
3rd plur. -utuvat eivät -udu 3rd plur. ovat -utuneet eivät ole -utuneet
passive -udutaan ei -uduta passive on -uduttu ei ole -uduttu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -uduin en -utunut 1st sing. olin -utunut en ollut -utunut
2nd sing. -uduit et -utunut 2nd sing. olit -utunut et ollut -utunut
3rd sing. -utui ei -utunut 3rd sing. oli -utunut ei ollut -utunut
1st plur. -uduimme emme -utuneet 1st plur. olimme -utuneet emme olleet -utuneet
2nd plur. -uduitte ette -utuneet 2nd plur. olitte -utuneet ette olleet -utuneet
3rd plur. -utuivat eivät -utuneet 3rd plur. olivat -utuneet eivät olleet -utuneet
passive -uduttiin ei -uduttu passive oli -uduttu ei ollut -uduttu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -utuisin en -utuisi 1st sing. olisin -utunut en olisi -utunut
2nd sing. -utuisit et -utuisi 2nd sing. olisit -utunut et olisi -utunut
3rd sing. -utuisi ei -utuisi 3rd sing. olisi -utunut ei olisi -utunut
1st plur. -utuisimme emme -utuisi 1st plur. olisimme -utuneet emme olisi -utuneet
2nd plur. -utuisitte ette -utuisi 2nd plur. olisitte -utuneet ette olisi -utuneet
3rd plur. -utuisivat eivät -utuisi 3rd plur. olisivat -utuneet eivät olisi -utuneet
passive -uduttaisiin ei -uduttaisi passive olisi -uduttu ei olisi -uduttu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. 1st sing.
2nd sing. -udu älä -udu 2nd sing.
3rd sing. -utukoon älköön -utuko 3rd sing. olkoon -utunut älköön olko -utunut
1st plur. -utukaamme älkäämme -utuko 1st plur.
2nd plur. -utukaa älkää -utuko 2nd plur.
3rd plur. -utukoot älkööt -utuko 3rd plur. olkoot -utuneet älkööt olko -utuneet
passive -uduttakoon älköön -uduttako passive olkoon -uduttu älköön olko -uduttu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -utunen en -utune 1st sing. lienen -utunut en liene -utunut
2nd sing. -utunet et -utune 2nd sing. lienet -utunut et liene -utunut
3rd sing. -utunee ei -utune 3rd sing. lienee -utunut ei liene -utunut
1st plur. -utunemme emme -utune 1st plur. lienemme -utuneet emme liene -utuneet
2nd plur. -utunette ette -utune 2nd plur. lienette -utuneet ette liene -utuneet
3rd plur. -utunevat eivät -utune 3rd plur. lienevät -utuneet eivät liene -utuneet
passive -uduttaneen ei -uduttane passive lienee -uduttu ei liene -uduttu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st -utua present -utuva -uduttava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -utuakseni -utuaksemme
2nd -utuaksesi -utuaksenne
3rd -utuakseen
-utuaksensa
past -utunut -uduttu
2nd inessive2 -utuessa -uduttaessa agent4 -utuma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -utuessani -utuessamme
2nd -utuessasi -utuessanne
3rd -utuessaan
-utuessansa
negative -utumaton
instructive -utuen 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd inessive -utumassa
elative -utumasta
illative -utumaan
adessive -utumalla
abessive -utumatta
instructive -utuman -uduttaman
4th3 verbal noun -utuminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -utumaisillani -utumaisillamme
2nd -utumaisillasi -utumaisillanne
3rd -utumaisillaan
-utumaisillansa

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.

Anagrams

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