Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/xātun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction

Initial x- was replaced by q- relatively early.

It is generally difficult to ascertain which forms are inherited and which are reborrowed from neighboring languages.

Etymology

Borrowed from Northeastern Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *hwatáHuniH, compare Sogdian 𐼶𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼷𐼻𐼳 (xwtʾynh /⁠xwatēn, xutēn⁠/, “queen”), 𐫟𐫇𐫤𐫀𐫇 (xwtʾw), 𐼲𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼴 (ɣwtʾw, “lord, sovereign”), Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo /⁠xʷadēw⁠/, “lord”).

A minority view by Doerfer holds that the word is of Para-Mongolic origin, evidenced by Xianbei [Term?], and analyzed by him as cognate with *kagan (“khan”) and hypothetical feminine suffix *-tun found in Xianbei [Term?] (/⁠(a)matun⁠/, “mother”).

Noun

*xātun

1. queen, lady

Descendants

• Karakhanid: قاتُونْ (qātūn)
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: حاتون (ḥatun)
    • Ili Turki:

      Taranchi: xotun

    • Uzbek: xotin
    • Uyghur: خوتۇن (xotun)

      Lopnor: [script needed] (xatun, “woman, wife”)

• Kipchak
  • Kipchak: [script needed] (qātūn)
  • Central Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: қатын
    • Kazakh: қатын (qatyn)
    • Nogai: хатын (xatın)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: катын (katın, “woman, wife; elderly woman”)
• Altay (Southern):
  • • Southern Altai: кадыт (kadït)

      Teleut: қаты, каат (kaat)

  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡатын (qatın)
    • Siberian Tatar: қатын
    • Tatar: хатын (xatın)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: katın, hatın
    • Karachay-Balkar: къатын (qatın)
    • Karaim: катын
    • Urum: катын
• Oghuz:
  • Azerbaijani: qadın
  • Gagauz: kadın, kadı́na (obsolete)
  • Ottoman Turkish: قادين (qadin)
    • Turkish: kadın
    • → Crimean Tatar: kadın
  • Salar: qadïnkiš , xatunkiši (“woman”), xotun (“woman, wife”) (perhaps from Uyghur)
  • Turkmen: hātyn (obsolete)
• Siberian:
  • Altai (Northern):
    • Northern Altai:
      • Kumandy: кат (kat), каат (kaat)
      • Chelkan: кадыт (kadït)
  • Sayan:
    • Tuvan: када (kada), кадай (kaday, “old woman”) (highly dubious)

      кадын (kadın, “queen”) (likely from Mongolic)

      каътташ (kàttaş, “woman”) (obsolete)

      • (?) Soyot:қадай (“woman”)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: katun, kotun
    • Yakut: хатын (qatın), хотун (qotun, “lady, mistress, wife”) (perhaps from Mongolic)
  • Yenisei:
    • Shor: қаат
    • Khakas: хадын (xadın), (?) хадай (xaday)
    • Western Yugur: ɢadən (“queen, wife of an important official person”)
• Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (xatun)
• Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qatun)
• → Old Armenian: խաթուն (xatʻun)
• → Manchu: [script needed] (katun, “princess, empress, queen”)
• → Proto-Mongolic: *katun (if not inherited from Pre-Mongolic)

  Kalmyk: [script needed] (χatn̥, “wife, noblewoman, queen”)

  Khalkha: хатан (xatan)

  Ordos: [script needed] (ġatun, “lady, prince's wife”)

• → Persian: خاتون (xātūn) (possibly, if not from Sogdian directly) (see there for further descendants)
• → Tibetan: [script needed] (k'at'un, “princess”)

Further reading

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “xa:tun”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 602
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1159, page 132
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 157
• Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 297
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kadın”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Dybo, Anna Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction, Tatarica, 2, page 7-17